Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Division of Preventive Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China2Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.
Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015 Dec;133(12):1399-406. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.3513.
The number of urban migrants in China is 300 million and is increasing rapidly in response to government policies. Urban migrants have poor access to health care, but little is known about rates of correction of refractive error among migrant children. This is of particular significance in light of recent evidence demonstrating the educational impact of providing children with spectacles.
To measure prevalence of spectacle need and ownership among Chinese migrant children.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Population-based, cross-sectional study among children who failed vision testing (uncorrected visual acuity ≤6/12 in either eye) between September 15 and 30, 2013, at 94 randomly selected primary schools in predominantly migrant communities in Shanghai, Suzhou, and Wuxi, China.
Refractive error by cycloplegic refraction; spectacle ownership, defined as producing glasses at school, having been told to bring them; and needing glasses, defined as uncorrected visual acuity of 6/12 or less correctable to greater than 6/12 in either eye, with myopia of -0.5 diopters (D) or less, hyperopia of +2.0 D or greater, or astigmatism of 0.75 D or greater in both eyes.
Among 4409 children, 4376 (99.3%) completed vision screening (mean [SD] age, 11.0 [0.81] years; 55.3% boys; 4225 [96.5%] migrant and 151 [3.5%] local). Among 1204 children failing vision testing (total, 27.5%; 1147 migrant children [27.1%] vs 57 local children [37.7%]; P = .003), 850 (70.6%) completed refraction. Spectacle ownership in migrant children needing glasses (147 of 640 children [23.0%]) was less than among local children (12 of 34 children [35.3%]) (odds ratio = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.32-0.95; P = .03). Having uncorrected visual acuity less than 6/18 in both eyes was associated positively with baseline spectacle ownership (odds ratio = 5.73; 95% CI, 3.81-8.62; P < .001), but parental education and family wealth were not.
Among urban migrant children, there was a high prevalence of need for spectacles and a very low rate of spectacle ownership. Spectacle distribution programs are needed specifically targeting migrant children.
中国的城市移民人数为 3 亿，并且由于政府政策的原因，这个数字还在迅速增加。城市移民获得医疗保健的机会很差，但对于移民儿童的屈光不正矫正率知之甚少。鉴于最近有证据表明为儿童提供眼镜会对教育产生影响，这一点尤为重要。
测量中国移民儿童的眼镜需求和拥有率。
设计、地点和参与者：这是一项基于人群的、在上海、苏州和无锡的主要移民社区的 94 所随机选择的小学中，对视力测试失败（双眼未矫正视力分别低于 6/12）的儿童进行的横断面研究，研究时间为 2013 年 9 月 15 日至 30 日。
睫状肌麻痹后的屈光不正；眼镜拥有，定义为在学校配眼镜，被告知带来；以及需要眼镜，定义为双眼未矫正视力低于 6/12，但可矫正至双眼均大于 6/12，近视低于-0.5 屈光度（D），远视大于+2.0 D，或双眼散光大于 0.75 D。
在 4409 名儿童中，4376 名（99.3%）完成了视力筛查（平均[SD]年龄为 11.0[0.81]岁；55.3%为男孩；4225 名[96.5%]为移民，151 名[3.5%]为本地）。在 1204 名视力测试失败的儿童中（总计 27.5%；1147 名移民儿童[27.1%]与 57 名本地儿童[37.7%]；P = .003），有 850 名（70.6%）完成了屈光检查。在需要眼镜的移民儿童中，眼镜拥有率（640 名儿童中的 147 名[23.0%]）低于本地儿童（34 名儿童中的 12 名[35.3%]）（比值比=0.55；95%CI，0.32-0.95；P = .03）。双眼未矫正视力均低于 6/18 与基线时的眼镜拥有率呈正相关（比值比=5.73；95%CI，3.81-8.62；P < .001），但父母的教育程度和家庭财富则没有。
在城市移民儿童中，眼镜需求的患病率很高，但眼镜拥有率却非常低。需要专门针对移民儿童制定眼镜分配计划。
