中国上海外来务工人员子女学校学生视力损害的患病率、病因及戴眼镜率
Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and rate of wearing spectacles in schools for children of migrant workers in Shanghai, China.
作者信息
He Jiangnan, Lu Lina, Zou Haidong, He Xiangui, Li Qiangqiang, Wang Weijie, Zhu Jianfeng
机构信息
Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, No, 380, Kangding Road, Jingan, Shanghai 20040, China.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2014 Dec 22;14:1312. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1312.
BACKGROUND
To assess the prevalence of visual impairment and rate of wearing spectacles in schools for children of migrant workers in Shanghai, China.
METHODS
Children from grade 1 to 5 in schools for children of migrant workers were randomly chosen for ocular examinations. All children were screened for uncorrected visual acuity and presenting visual acuity. After screening, the children whose uncorrected visual acuity was 20/40 or less received ocular motility evaluation, cycloplegic refraction/non-cycloplegic refraction, and external eye, anterior segment, media, and fundus examinations.
RESULTS
A total of 9673 children were enumerated and 9512 (98.34%) participated in this study. The prevalence of uncorrected, presenting, and best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or worse in the better eye were 13.33%, 11.26%, and 0.63%, respectively. The rate of wearing spectacles of the children with visual impairment in one or both eyes was 15.50%. Of these, 26.05% were wearing spectacles with inaccurate prescriptions. Refractive error was a major cause of visual impairment, accounting for 89.48% of all the visual impairment causes. Other causes of visual impairment included amblyopia accounting for 10.12%; congenital cataract, 0.1%; congenital nystagmus, 0.1%; ocular prosthesis, 0.1%; macular degeneration, 0.05%; and opaque cornea, 0.05%.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study of the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in schools for children of migrant workers in Shanghai, China. The visual impairment rate in schools for children of migrant workers in suburbs of Shanghai in the best eye before vision correction was lower than those of urban children in mainstream schools in Guangzhou in 2012, and higher than students in rural of Beijing in 1998 and in suburb of Chongqing in 2007. The refractive error was the principal cause of the visual impairment of the children of migrant workers. The rate of wearing spectacles was low and the percentage of inaccurate prescriptions, among those who wore spectacles, was high. Uncorrected refractive error was a significant cause of visual impairment in migrant children.
背景
评估中国上海外来务工人员子女学校学生视力损害的患病率及戴眼镜率。
方法
随机选取外来务工人员子女学校1至5年级的学生进行眼部检查。对所有学生进行裸眼视力和现有视力筛查。筛查后，裸眼视力为20/40或更低的学生接受眼球运动评估、睫状肌麻痹验光/非睫状肌麻痹验光，以及眼外部、眼前节、眼介质和眼底检查。
结果
共统计9673名儿童，9512名（98.34%）参与本研究。较好眼裸眼视力、现有视力和最佳矫正视力为20/40或更差的患病率分别为13.33%、11.26%和0.63%。一只或两只眼睛有视力损害的儿童戴眼镜率为15.50%。其中，26.05%佩戴的眼镜处方不准确。屈光不正为视力损害的主要原因，占所有视力损害原因的89.48%。其他视力损害原因包括弱视占10.12%；先天性白内障占0.1%；先天性眼球震颤占0.1%；眼假体占0.1%；黄斑变性占0.05%；角膜混浊占0.05%。
结论
这是中国上海外来务工人员子女学校学生视力损害患病率及原因的首次研究。上海郊区外来务工人员子女学校学生视力矫正前较好眼的视力损害率低于2012年广州主流学校城市儿童，高于1998年北京农村学生和2007年重庆郊区学生。屈光不正是外来务工人员子女视力损害的主要原因。戴眼镜率低，且戴眼镜者中处方不准确的比例高。未矫正的屈光不正是外来务工人员子女视力损害的重要原因。
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