Dada S, Harker Burnhams N, Van Hout M C, Parry C D H
Haematopathology Department, National Health Laboratory Service, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
S Afr Med J. 2015 Sep 14;105(9):776-9. doi: 10.7196/SAMJnew.8172.
Misuse of prescription and over-the-counter codeine-containing products is a global public health issue.
To investigate the extent of treatment demand related to the misuse of codeine or codeine dependence in South Africa (SA) and the profile of patients seeking treatment, so as to understand the nature and extent of the problem.
Data were collected from centres participating in the South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use in 2014. A total of 17 260 admissions were recorded.
There were 435 recorded treatment admissions for codeine misuse or dependence as a primary or secondary substance of abuse (2.5% of all admissions). Of treatment admissions, 137 (0.8%) involved codeine as the primary substance of abuse; 74.9% of patients were males, with an even spread across population groups. Ages ranged from 11 to 70 years, with the highest proportion aged 20 - 29 years; >40% were referred by self, family and/or friends, and 26.7% by health professionals; and 36.8% had received treatment previously. The majority reported misuse of tablets/capsules, with 17.6% reporting misuse of syrups. Oral use comprised 96.6% and daily use 63.1%.
Data from treatment admissions related to codeine misuse and dependence are informative, but provide an incomplete picture of the nature and extent of codeine-related problems in SA. Other data sources must be considered before further regulatory/policy changes regarding codeine are implemented.
处方类和非处方类含可待因产品的滥用是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。
调查南非与可待因滥用或可待因依赖相关的治疗需求程度以及寻求治疗的患者概况，以便了解该问题的性质和程度。
收集了2014年参与南非药物使用社区流行病学网络的各中心的数据。共记录了17260例入院治疗病例。
有435例记录在案的因可待因滥用或依赖作为主要或次要滥用物质而入院治疗的病例（占所有入院病例的2.5%）。在入院治疗病例中，137例（0.8%）涉及可待因作为主要滥用物质；74.9%的患者为男性，各人群分布均匀。年龄范围为11至70岁，其中20 - 29岁的比例最高；超过40%是由本人、家人和/或朋友转诊而来，26.7%由卫生专业人员转诊；36.8%曾接受过治疗。大多数人报告滥用片剂/胶囊，17.6%报告滥用糖浆。口服占96.6%，每日使用占63.1%。
与可待因滥用和依赖相关的入院治疗数据提供了有用信息，但未能完整呈现南非可待因相关问题的性质和程度。在实施有关可待因的进一步监管/政策变化之前，必须考虑其他数据来源。
