Kemp Christopher J
Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109.
Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2015 Oct 1;2015(10):865-74. doi: 10.1101/pdb.top069906.
The identification of carcinogens in the workplace, diet, and environment through chemical carcinogenesis studies in animals has directly contributed to a reduction of cancer burden in the human population. Reduced exposure to these carcinogens through lifestyle changes, government regulation, or change in industry practices has reduced cancer incidence in exposed populations. In addition to providing the first experimental evidence for cancer's relationship to chemical and radiation exposure, animal models of environmentally induced cancer have and will continue to provide important insight into the causes, mechanisms, and conceptual frameworks of cancer. More recently, combining chemical carcinogens with genetically engineered mouse models has emerged as an invaluable approach to study the complex interaction between genotype and environment that contributes to cancer development. In the future, animal models of environmentally induced cancer are likely to provide insight into areas such as the epigenetic basis of cancer, genetic modifiers of cancer susceptibility, the systems biology of cancer, inflammation and cancer, and cancer prevention.
通过动物化学致癌研究来识别工作场所、饮食和环境中的致癌物，直接有助于减轻人类的癌症负担。通过改变生活方式、政府监管或行业实践变化减少对这些致癌物的接触，已降低了暴露人群中的癌症发病率。除了为癌症与化学和辐射暴露的关系提供首个实验证据外，环境诱发癌症的动物模型已经并将继续为癌症的病因、机制和概念框架提供重要见解。最近，将化学致癌物与基因工程小鼠模型相结合，已成为研究导致癌症发展的基因型与环境之间复杂相互作用的一种极有价值的方法。未来，环境诱发癌症的动物模型可能会在癌症的表观遗传基础、癌症易感性的基因修饰因子、癌症的系统生物学、炎症与癌症以及癌症预防等领域提供见解。
