Schwarz Dianne S, Blower Michael D
Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016 Jan;73(1):79-94. doi: 10.1007/s00018-015-2052-6. Epub 2015 Oct 3.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large, dynamic structure that serves many roles in the cell including calcium storage, protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. The diverse functions of the ER are performed by distinct domains; consisting of tubules, sheets and the nuclear envelope. Several proteins that contribute to the overall architecture and dynamics of the ER have been identified, but many questions remain as to how the ER changes shape in response to cellular cues, cell type, cell cycle state and during development of the organism. Here we discuss what is known about the dynamics of the ER, what questions remain, and how coordinated responses add to the layers of regulation in this dynamic organelle.
内质网（ER）是一个庞大的动态结构，在细胞中发挥多种作用，包括钙储存、蛋白质合成和脂质代谢。内质网的多种功能由不同的结构域执行，这些结构域包括小管、片层和核膜。已经鉴定出几种有助于内质网整体结构和动态变化的蛋白质，但关于内质网如何响应细胞信号、细胞类型、细胞周期状态以及生物体发育过程而改变形状，仍有许多问题有待解答。在这里，我们讨论关于内质网动态变化的已知信息、存在的问题，以及协调反应如何增加这个动态细胞器中的调控层次。
