Endoh Kaori, Kuriki Kiyonori, Kasezawa Nobuhiko, Tohyama Kazushige, Goda Toshinao
Laboratory of Public Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka City, Japan E-mail :
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(15):6527-34. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.15.6527.
In Japan, in comparison with the rest of the world the death rate of lung cancer is low although the smoking rate is relatively high. This is the so-called "Japanese smoking paradox". A healthy diet is proposed to attenuate the risk without quitting smoking. We here examined the relationships between smoking status (SS) and the consumption of food and nutrient in Japan.
Totals of 5,587 men and 2,718 women were divided into three (non-smokers, smokers and heavy smokers) and two (non-smokers and smokers) groups, respectively, according to pack-year, which represents the amount of smoking over a long period. Food and nutrient consumption was estimated with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Using general linear models, food and nutrient consumption was estimated for each group in men and women, separately.
In men, SS was positively related to consumption of rice, 3 alcoholic beverages, carbohydrate, alcohol and other 8 foods/nutrients (p<0.05 for all) and negatively to those of protein animal, fat, fatty acids, dietary fiber, isoflavones and 36 other foods/nutrients (p<0.05 for all). In women, SS was positively associated with intake of 13 foods/nutrients, while being negatively associated with those of rice, energy, dietary fiber, and 14 other foods/nutrients (p<0.05 for all).
Our results support lower intake of vegetables and fruits rich in antioxidants, which are thought as preventive factors for many diseases, in smokers.
在日本，与世界其他地区相比，尽管吸烟率相对较高，但肺癌死亡率较低。这就是所谓的“日本吸烟悖论”。有人提出健康饮食可以在不戒烟的情况下降低风险。我们在此研究了日本吸烟状况（SS）与食物和营养素摄入之间的关系。
根据包年数（代表长期吸烟量），分别将5587名男性和2718名女性分为三组（非吸烟者、吸烟者和重度吸烟者）和两组（非吸烟者和吸烟者）。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷估计食物和营养素摄入量。使用一般线性模型，分别估计男性和女性每组的食物和营养素摄入量。
在男性中，吸烟状况与大米、3种酒精饮料、碳水化合物、酒精和其他8种食物/营养素的摄入量呈正相关（均p<0.05），与动物性蛋白质、脂肪、脂肪酸、膳食纤维、异黄酮和其他36种食物/营养素的摄入量呈负相关（均p<0.05）。在女性中，吸烟状况与13种食物/营养素的摄入量呈正相关，与大米、能量、膳食纤维和其他14种食物/营养素的摄入量呈负相关（均p<0.05）。
我们的结果支持吸烟者减少富含抗氧化剂的蔬菜和水果的摄入量，这些被认为是许多疾病的预防因素。
