McCollough Cynthia H, Bushberg Jerrold T, Fletcher Joel G, Eckel Laurence J
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Department of Radiology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2015 Oct;90(10):1380-92. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.07.011.
Articles in the scientific literature and lay press over the past several years have implied that computed tomography (CT) may cause cancer and that physicians and patients must exercise caution in its use. Although there is broad agreement on the latter point--unnecessary medical tests of any type should always be avoided--there is considerable controversy surrounding the question of whether, or to what extent, CT scans can lead to future cancers. Although the doses used in CT are higher than those used in conventional radiographic examinations, they are still 10 to 100 times lower than the dose levels that have been reported to increase the risk of cancer. Despite the fact that at the low doses associated with a CT scan the risk either is too low to be convincingly demonstrated or does not exist, the magnitude of the concern among patients and some medical professionals that CT scans increase cancer risk remains unreasonably high. In this article, common questions about CT scanning and radiation are answered to provide physicians with accurate information on which to base their medical decisions and respond to patient questions.
过去几年，科学文献和大众媒体上的文章暗示，计算机断层扫描（CT）可能会引发癌症，医生和患者在使用时必须谨慎。尽管对于后一点人们已达成广泛共识——任何类型的不必要医学检查都应始终避免——但围绕CT扫描是否会导致未来癌症以及在何种程度上导致癌症这一问题仍存在相当大的争议。虽然CT扫描所使用的剂量高于传统放射检查，但仍比据报道会增加癌症风险的剂量水平低10至100倍。尽管与CT扫描相关的低剂量下，风险要么低到无法令人信服地证明，要么根本不存在，但患者和一些医学专业人员对CT扫描增加癌症风险的担忧程度仍然高得不合理。在本文中，关于CT扫描和辐射的常见问题得到了解答，以便为医生提供准确信息，作为他们做出医疗决策和回答患者问题的依据。
