Henschke C I, Davis S D, Romano P M, Yankelevitz D F
Department of Radiology, New York Hospital, Cornell Medical Center, NY 10021.
J Thorac Imaging. 1989 Jan;4(1):49-60.
The imaging of pleural effusions by plain radiography, sonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has greatly facilitated the planning of both initial diagnostic thoracentesis and subsequent therapeutic management. The normal anatomy and physiology of the pleura, the pathogenesis of effusions, and the clinical criteria for classifying effusions are briefly summarized. The usefulness of each imaging modality is then discussed, particularly with regard to the problems of detecting small effusions, identifying loculation of fluid, distinguishing pleural from intraparenchymal disease, and assessing the extent to which a pleural process has become organized.
通过X线平片、超声、计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振成像（MRI）对胸腔积液进行成像，极大地促进了初始诊断性胸腔穿刺术的规划以及后续的治疗管理。本文简要总结了胸膜的正常解剖和生理、积液的发病机制以及积液分类的临床标准。然后讨论了每种成像方式的实用性，特别是在检测少量积液、识别液体的包裹、区分胸膜疾病与实质内疾病以及评估胸膜病变已形成纤维组织的程度等问题方面。
