Henschke C I, Davis S D, Romano P M, Yankelevitz D F
Department of Radiology, New York Hospital, Cornell Medical Center, New York.
Radiol Clin North Am. 1989 Nov;27(6):1241-55.
Radiology has played a pivotal role in the management of patients with pleural effusions. By confirming the presence of an effusion and providing information regarding the size and distribution of fluid, chest radiography greatly facilitates initial diagnostic thoracentesis. Identification of even small effusions is important because these commonly occur and may have clinical significance. The development of improved antibiotics and a wider range of interventional techniques has increased the reliance on the radiologic imaging of pleural disease in order to plan appropriate therapy. The newer imaging modalities of CT and sonography have proved to be particularly valuable in detecting small effusions and demonstrating single or multiple loculations. Additional features, such as the degree to which a pleural process has become organized and whether there is adjacent lung parenchymal disease, are well assessed on CT. Experience with MR has been limited, but preliminary data suggest that it may be a valuable addition and/or alternative to CT.
放射学在胸腔积液患者的管理中发挥了关键作用。通过确认胸腔积液的存在并提供有关液体大小和分布的信息，胸部X线摄影极大地促进了初始诊断性胸腔穿刺术。识别即使是少量的胸腔积液也很重要，因为这些积液很常见且可能具有临床意义。改进的抗生素和更广泛的介入技术的发展增加了对胸膜疾病放射成像的依赖，以便规划适当的治疗。CT和超声等更新的成像方式已被证明在检测少量胸腔积液和显示单个或多个分隔方面特别有价值。其他特征，如胸膜病变的组织化程度以及是否存在相邻的肺实质疾病，在CT上能得到很好的评估。磁共振成像（MR）的应用经验有限，但初步数据表明它可能是CT的有价值补充和/或替代方法。
