Bethell Emily J
a School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , United Kingdom.
J Appl Anim Welf Sci. 2015;18 Suppl 1:S18-42. doi: 10.1080/10888705.2015.1075833.
Robust methods to assess nonhuman animal emotion are essential for ensuring good welfare in captivity. Cognitive bias measures such as the judgment bias task have recently emerged as promising tools to assess animal emotion. The simple design and objective response measures make judgment bias tasks suitable for use across species and contexts. In reviewing 64 studies published to date, it emerged that (a) judgment biases have been measured in a number of mammals and birds and an invertebrate; (b) no study has tested judgment bias in any species of fish, amphibian, or reptile; and (c) no study has yet investigated judgment bias in a zoo or aquarium. This article proposes that judgment bias measures are highly suitable for use with these understudied taxa and can provide new insight into welfare in endangered species housed in zoos and aquariums, where poor welfare impacts breeding success and, ultimately, species survival. The article includes a "how-to" guide to designing judgment bias tests with recommendations for working with currently neglected "exotics" including fishes, amphibians, and reptiles.
评估非人类动物情绪的可靠方法对于确保圈养动物的良好福利至关重要。诸如判断偏差任务等认知偏差测量方法最近已成为评估动物情绪的有前景的工具。简单的设计和客观的反应测量使判断偏差任务适用于跨物种和不同情境。在回顾迄今为止发表的64项研究时发现：（a）已在多种哺乳动物、鸟类和一种无脊椎动物中测量到判断偏差；（b）尚无研究在任何鱼类、两栖类或爬行类物种中测试判断偏差；（c）尚无研究在动物园或水族馆中调查判断偏差。本文提出，判断偏差测量非常适合用于这些研究不足的分类群，并可为圈养在动物园和水族馆中的濒危物种的福利提供新的见解，在这些地方，不良福利会影响繁殖成功率，并最终影响物种生存。本文还包括一份设计判断偏差测试的“操作指南”，以及针对与目前被忽视的“外来物种”（包括鱼类、两栖类和爬行类）合作的建议。
