Wirshing W C, Cummings J L
Brentwood Movement Disorders Laboratory, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, (Brentwood Division).
Geriatrics. 1989 Feb;44(2):47-51, 54.
Extrapyramidal syndromes are among the most common neurologic conditions afflicting the geriatric patient. Most generally, these disorders can be categorized into those with hypokinetic characteristics (eg, parkinsonism) and those with hyperkinetic features (eg, chorea). Finer diagnostic and etiologic classification can be gained by observing the details of the movement (eg, regular vs. irregular, action vs. resting, proximal vs. distal) and considering accompanying signs, symptoms, and histories (eg, pyramidal signs, ocular abnormalities, cognitive impairments, history of treatment with neuroleptics). Optimal management of these varied syndromes hinges on the accurate identification of their clinical forms and a thorough search for their possible etiologies.
锥体外系综合征是困扰老年患者的最常见神经系统疾病之一。一般来说，这些疾病可分为具有运动减少特征的疾病（如帕金森症）和具有运动增多特征的疾病（如舞蹈症）。通过观察运动细节（如规则与不规则、动作性与静止性、近端与远端）并考虑伴随的体征、症状和病史（如锥体束征、眼部异常、认知障碍、使用抗精神病药物治疗史），可以进行更精细的诊断和病因分类。对这些不同综合征的最佳管理取决于对其临床形式的准确识别以及对其可能病因的全面排查。
