a School of Kinesiology , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada.
b Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, & Exercise , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA.
Health Psychol Rev. 2016;10(1):67-88. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2015.1104258. Epub 2015 Nov 13.
Drawing from goal setting theory (Latham & Locke, 1991; Locke & Latham, 2002; Locke et al., 1981), the purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of multi-component goal setting interventions for changing physical activity (PA) behaviour. A literature search returned 41,038 potential articles. Included studies consisted of controlled experimental trials wherein participants in the intervention conditions set PA goals and their PA behaviour was compared to participants in a control group who did not set goals. A meta-analysis was ultimately carried out across 45 articles (comprising 52 interventions, 126 effect sizes, n = 5912) that met eligibility criteria using a random-effects model. Overall, a medium, positive effect (Cohen's d(SE) = .552(.06), 95% CI = .43-.67, Z = 9.03, p < .001) of goal setting interventions in relation to PA behaviour was found. Moderator analyses across 20 variables revealed several noteworthy results with regard to features of the study, sample characteristics, PA goal content, and additional goal-related behaviour change techniques. In conclusion, multi-component goal setting interventions represent an effective method of fostering PA across a diverse range of populations and settings. Implications for effective goal setting interventions are discussed.
本研究旨在运用目标设定理论（Latham & Locke, 1991; Locke & Latham, 2002; Locke et al., 1981），对多成分目标设定干预措施改变身体活动（PA）行为的效果进行系统评价和元分析。文献检索共返回 41038 篇潜在文章。纳入的研究均为对照实验，实验组参与者设定 PA 目标，将其 PA 行为与未设定目标的对照组参与者进行比较。最终，使用随机效应模型对符合入选标准的 45 篇文章（包含 52 项干预措施，126 个效应量，n = 5912）进行了荟萃分析。总体而言，目标设定干预措施与 PA 行为之间存在中等程度的积极影响（Cohen's d(SE) =.552(.06)，95%CI =.43-.67，Z = 9.03，p <.001）。对 20 个变量的调节分析显示，研究特征、样本特征、PA 目标内容以及其他与目标相关的行为改变技术等方面的特征存在一些值得注意的结果。总之，多成分目标设定干预措施是促进不同人群和不同环境下 PA 的有效方法。讨论了有效目标设定干预措施的意义。
