Horn Tamara Bianca, Körbes Júlia Horn, Granich Juliana, Senter Malena, Ferla Noeli Juarez
Laboratório de Acarologia, Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Avenida Avelino Tallini, Bairro Universitário, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
Parasitol Res. 2016 Jan;115(1):355-66. doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4756-9. Epub 2015 Oct 8.
Intensive production of confined laying hens affects their welfare and increases the risk of epidemics. Ectoparasites as hematophagous and feather mites cause low productivity and decreased egg quality. This study aimed to determine the diversity of mites captured with traps in different commercial systems of laying hens (Gallus gallus L.) (Phasianidae) in Taquari Valley, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Samplings were conducted from August 2013 to August 2014, totaling 21 sampling events in three different commercial laying hen systems: automatic production systems (A(1), (2), (3)), semiautomatic systems (S(1), (2)), and free-range system (FR). A total of 9981 mites belonging to 21 families, 31 genera, and 35 species were found. Acaridae, Caligonellidae, and Cheyletidae showed the highest richness with four species each. Megninia ginglymura (Mégnin, 1877) (Analgidae) was the most abundant ectoparasite species with 1328 specimens and was present in all commercial laying hen systems. No hematophagous mites were found. Cheyletus malaccensis(Cheyletidae) (3503), Typhlodromus transvaalensis (Phytoseiidae) (304), and Blattisocius keegani (Blattisocidae) (181) were the predators present in all systems. The similarity with control system (S(1)--without pesticide) was low (36.5 %) when compared to all other commercial laying hen systems, and it had the highest richness. In FR, low populations of mites and highest diversity were observed. The commercial laying hen system and the management influence the mite fauna in poultry farms.
集约化饲养产蛋鸡会影响其福利，并增加疫病风险。作为吸血螨和羽螨的体外寄生虫会导致产蛋鸡生产力低下和蛋品质下降。本研究旨在确定在巴西南里奥格兰德州塔夸里河谷不同商业化蛋鸡（原鸡属，雉科）养殖系统中，用诱捕器捕获的螨类的多样性。采样时间为2013年8月至2014年8月，在三种不同的商业化蛋鸡养殖系统中总共进行了21次采样：自动化生产系统（A(1)、(2)、(3)）、半自动系统（S(1)、(2)）和自由放养系统（FR）。共发现9981只螨，分属于21科、31属、35种。粉螨科、卡利戈内螨科和螯螨科的物种丰富度最高，各有4种。龈巨螨（Mégnin，1877年）（疥螨科）是最常见的体外寄生虫物种，有1328个标本，在所有商业化蛋鸡养殖系统中均有发现。未发现吸血螨。马六甲肉食螨（螯螨科）（3503只）、德兰士瓦钝绥螨（植绥螨科）（304只）和基氏禽虱螨（禽虱螨科）（181只）是所有系统中均存在的捕食性螨类。与控制系统（S(1)——未使用杀虫剂）相比，与所有其他商业化蛋鸡养殖系统的相似度较低（36.⁵%），但其物种丰富度最高。在自由放养系统中，螨类数量较少但多样性最高。商业化蛋鸡养殖系统和管理方式会影响家禽养殖场中的螨类群落。
