Laboratório de Acarologia, Tecnovates, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
Médico-Veterinário, Empresa Naturovos, Salvador do Sul, RS, Brazil.
Vet Parasitol. 2022 Apr;304:109682. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109682. Epub 2022 Feb 26.
The search for improvements in the poultry production chain and for increased egg productivity have grown significantly. However, intensive production with or by using of confinement systems negatively affect the welfare of animals and is favoring the appearance of harmful ectoparasites in production. Due to differences in the existing management systems, (e.g. Californian and cage-free systems) and given the importance of the poultry industry in the international market, the aim of the present study was: (1) to compare mite community between SIG (Intensive system - cage: Californian) and SIF (Intensive system - free: cage free); (2) egg-laying systems to analyze how the abundances of the ectoparasites Dermanyssus gallinae, Megninia ginlgymura, and Ornithonyssus sylviarum are affected by these egg-laying models; (3) to evaluate the association between the functional diversity found in traps, organic matter, and feathers in both systems; and finally, (4) to analyze how abiotic factors (e.g. humidity, temperature at sampling) affect mite community composition inside each model. A total of 860,571 mites were sampled, belonging to 59 taxa from six functional groups. Mite composition in the SIF system was different from the SIG system, while their variations in dispersion homogeneity were quite similar to each other. Although taxonomic composition is different between them, they are quite similar when clustered according to functional diversity. The variables 'humidity' and 'temperature' were not determining factors for the appearance of species. The species that most contributed for distinguishing the models were: M. ginlgymura, Dermatophagoides farinae, D. gallinae, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, O. sylviarum, Blattisocius keegani, Glycyphagus sp., Acotyledon sp., and Cheyletus malaccensis, respectively. Dermanyssus gallinae was strongly associated with the Californian model. Two taxa were highly correlated with cloaca, neck, dorsum, and inner wings; variations in relative air humidity also affected M. ginlgymura and O. sylviarum populations. Organic matter had a high abundance of predatory mites with potential for controlling mites of sanitary importance in the poultry chain.
家禽生产链的改进和产蛋率的提高受到了广泛关注。然而，密集型生产或使用封闭式系统会对动物福利产生负面影响，并有利于生产中有害外寄生虫的出现。由于现有管理系统的差异（例如加利福尼亚系统和无笼系统），以及家禽业在国际市场上的重要性，本研究的目的是：（1）比较 SIG（密集系统-笼：加利福尼亚）和 SIF（密集系统-自由：无笼）中的螨群落；（2）分析蛋鸡系统中，这些产蛋模型如何影响鸡皮螨、禽刺螨和臭虫的丰度；（3）评估两种系统中陷阱、有机物和羽毛中发现的功能多样性之间的关联；最后，（4）分析非生物因素（例如湿度、采样时的温度）如何影响每个模型内的螨群落组成。共采集了 860571 只螨虫，属于六个功能群的 59 个分类单元。SIF 系统中的螨类组成与 SIG 系统不同，而它们的离散均匀性变化则非常相似。尽管它们的分类组成不同，但根据功能多样性聚类时非常相似。变量“湿度”和“温度”不是决定物种出现的因素。最有助于区分模型的物种是：禽刺螨、粉尘螨、鸡皮螨、腐食酪螨、臭虫、盲走螨、嗜木螨、Acotyledon sp. 和 Cheyletus malaccensis。鸡皮螨与加利福尼亚模型密切相关。有两个分类群与泄殖腔、颈部、背部和内翅高度相关；相对空气湿度的变化也影响禽刺螨和臭虫的种群。有机物中含有大量的捕食性螨虫，具有控制家禽链中卫生重要性的螨虫的潜力。
