Reddy Priscilla, Zuma Khangelani, Shisana Olive, Kim Jonas, Sewpaul Ronel
Human Sciences Research Council.
S Afr Med J. 2015 Sep 21;105(8):648-55. doi: 10.7196/samjnew.7932.
Data on tobacco use have informed the effectiveness of South Africa (SA)'s tobacco control strategies over the past 20 years.
To estimate the prevalence of tobacco use in the adult SA population according to certain demographic variables, and identify the factors influencing cessation attempts among current smokers.
A multistage disproportionate nationally representative stratified cluster sample of households was selected for the South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted in 2012. A sample of 10 000 households from 500 census enumerator areas was visited. A detailed questionnaire was administered to all consenting adults in each consenting household.
Of adult South Africans, 17.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.3 - 18.9) currently smoke tobacco. Males (29.2%) had a prevalence four times that for females (7.3%) (odds ratio 5.20, 95% CI 4.39 - 6.16; p<0.001). The provinces with the highest current tobacco smoking prevalence were the Western Cape (32.9%), Northern Cape (31.2%) and Free State (27.4%). Among current tobacco smokers, 29.3% had been advised to quit smoking by a healthcare provider during the preceding year, 81.4% had noticed health warnings on tobacco packages, and 49.9% reported that the warning labels had led them to consider quitting.
A large proportion of adult South Africans continue to use tobacco. While considerable gains have been made in reducing tobacco use over the past 20 years, tobacco use and its determinants need to be monitored to ensure that tobacco control strategies remain effective.
过去20年里，烟草使用数据为南非烟草控制策略的有效性提供了依据。
根据特定人口统计学变量估算南非成年人群体中的烟草使用流行率，并确定影响当前吸烟者戒烟尝试的因素。
为2012年开展的南非国家健康与营养检查调查选取了一个多阶段、不成比例、具有全国代表性的分层整群抽样家庭样本。走访了来自500个人口普查枚举区的10000个家庭样本。对每个同意参与的家庭中所有同意参与的成年人进行了详细问卷调查。
在成年南非人中，目前有17.6%（95%置信区间为6.3 - 18.9）吸烟。男性（29.2%）的吸烟流行率是女性（7.3%）的四倍（优势比为5.20，95%置信区间为4.39 - 6.16；p<0.001）。目前吸烟流行率最高的省份是西开普省（32.9%）、北开普省（31.2%）和自由邦省（27.4%）。在当前吸烟者中，29.3%的人在前一年曾被医疗保健提供者建议戒烟，81.4%的人注意到了烟草包装上的健康警告，49.9%的人报告称这些警告标签促使他们考虑戒烟。
很大一部分成年南非人继续使用烟草。虽然在过去20年里减少烟草使用方面已取得了相当大的成效，但仍需监测烟草使用情况及其决定因素，以确保烟草控制策略持续有效。
