Reddy P, Meyer-Weitz A, Yach D
National Health Promotion Research and Development Office, Medical Research Council, Parowvallei, W. Cape.
S Afr Med J. 1996 Nov;86(11):1389-93.
To provide data on the South African adult population's smoking status, their knowledge of the health effects of tobacco and their attitudes towards tobacco control in South Africa.
A national representative sample of 2,238 adult (> 18 years) South Africans was surveyed by means of an interviewer-administered questionnaire.
Thirty-four per cent of adult South Africans smoke (52% male, 17% female). There were notable differences in gender smoking rates for Indians (61% of men and only 7% of women smoke) and blacks (53% of men and 10% of women smoke) but not for coloureds (58% of men and 59% of women smoke). Provinces with the highest smoking rates are the Northern Cape (55%), Western Cape (48%) and North-West (46%). Forty-eight per cent of respondents reported that at least one household member smoked. The majority of the respondents (87%) acknowledged the harmful effects of direct smoking. Fifty-eight per cent were aware that cancer is associated with smoking but only 36% associated heart disease with smoking. Sixty per cent of the respondents have tried to quit at least once for reasons such as the protection of their own health, the expense of tobacco products and because of a medical doctor's advice. Confusion existed with regard to the effects of the cigarette constituents described on cigarette packages. Forty-two per cent of adults incorrectly indicated that nicotine causes cancer while 28% correctly indicated that it causes addiction, and 44% correctly indicated that condensate causes cancer. There is substantial support for a total ban of tobacco advertising on radio (61%), for local authorities to regulate smoking in public places (78%), for government assistance to farmers for tobacco crop replacement (53%) and for an increase in tobacco excise tax if the money is used for health purposes (50%).
The extremely high proportion of both male and female coloured smokers is a cause for concern and requires prompt action. Knowledge of the specific effects of tobacco in respect of active and passive smoking needs to be improved and this could be a first step towards facilitating behaviour change. The public support that exists for stronger measures against tobacco use, promotion, pricing and growing provides many opportunities for health promotion action.
提供有关南非成年人口吸烟状况、他们对烟草健康影响的认识以及他们对南非烟草控制态度的数据。
通过访员管理的问卷对2238名成年（>18岁）南非人进行全国代表性抽样调查。
34%的成年南非人吸烟（男性为52%，女性为17%）。印度人（61%的男性吸烟，仅7%的女性吸烟）和黑人（53%的男性吸烟，10%的女性吸烟）的性别吸烟率存在显著差异，但有色人种（58%的男性吸烟，59%的女性吸烟）不存在这种差异。吸烟率最高的省份是北开普省（55%）、西开普省（48%）和西北省（46%）。48%的受访者报告称至少有一名家庭成员吸烟。大多数受访者（87%）承认直接吸烟有害健康。58%的人知道癌症与吸烟有关，但只有36%的人将心脏病与吸烟联系起来。60%的受访者因保护自身健康、烟草产品费用以及医生建议等原因至少尝试戒烟一次。对于香烟包装上描述的香烟成分的影响存在困惑。42%的成年人错误地指出尼古丁会致癌，而28%的人正确指出它会导致成瘾，44%的人正确指出冷凝物会致癌。对于全面禁止广播烟草广告（61%）、地方当局对公共场所吸烟进行监管（78%）、政府协助烟农更换烟草作物（53%）以及如果将增加烟草消费税所得资金用于健康目的（50%），存在大量支持。
有色人种男女吸烟者比例极高令人担忧，需要迅速采取行动。需要提高对烟草在主动和被动吸烟方面具体影响的认识，这可能是促进行为改变的第一步。公众对采取更强有力措施打击烟草使用、推广、定价和种植的支持为健康促进行动提供了许多机会。
