Bailey Andrew P, Koster Grielof, Guillermier Christelle, Hirst Elizabeth M A, MacRae James I, Lechene Claude P, Postle Anthony D, Gould Alex P
The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.
Academic Unit of Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
Cell. 2015 Oct 8;163(2):340-53. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.020.
Stem cells reside in specialized microenvironments known as niches. During Drosophila development, glial cells provide a niche that sustains the proliferation of neural stem cells (neuroblasts) during starvation. We now find that the glial cell niche also preserves neuroblast proliferation under conditions of hypoxia and oxidative stress. Lipid droplets that form in niche glia during oxidative stress limit the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibit the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). These droplets protect glia and also neuroblasts from peroxidation chain reactions that can damage many types of macromolecules. The underlying antioxidant mechanism involves diverting PUFAs, including diet-derived linoleic acid, away from membranes to the core of lipid droplets, where they are less vulnerable to peroxidation. This study reveals an antioxidant role for lipid droplets that could be relevant in many different biological contexts.
干细胞存在于被称为微环境的特殊环境中。在果蝇发育过程中，神经胶质细胞提供了一个微环境，在饥饿期间维持神经干细胞（神经母细胞）的增殖。我们现在发现，神经胶质细胞微环境在缺氧和氧化应激条件下也能维持神经母细胞的增殖。氧化应激期间在微环境神经胶质细胞中形成的脂滴限制了活性氧（ROS）的水平，并抑制了多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的氧化。这些脂滴保护神经胶质细胞以及神经母细胞免受过氧化链反应的影响，而过氧化链反应会损害多种类型的大分子。潜在的抗氧化机制包括将多不饱和脂肪酸，包括饮食来源的亚油酸，从细胞膜转移到脂滴的核心，在那里它们不易受到过氧化作用。这项研究揭示了脂滴的抗氧化作用，这可能在许多不同的生物学背景中都具有相关性。
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