Hahn Adam, Banchefsky Sarah, Park Bernadette, Judd Charles M
Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
University of Colorado Boulder, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2015 Dec;41(12):1646-64. doi: 10.1177/0146167215607351. Epub 2015 Oct 9.
Research on interethnic relations has focused on two ideologies, asking whether it is best to de-emphasize social-category differences (colorblind) or emphasize and celebrate differences (multicultural). We argue each of these can manifest with negative outgroup evaluations: Assimilationism demands that subordinate groups adopt dominant group norms to minimize group distinctions; segregationism holds that groups should occupy separate spheres. Parallel versions can be identified for intergender relations. Scales to measure all four ideologies are developed both for ethnicity (Studies 1 and 2) and gender (Studies 3 and 4). Results demonstrate that the ideologies can be reliably measured, that the hypothesized four-factor models are superior to alternative models with fewer factors, and that the ideologies relate as predicted to the importance ascribed to group distinctions, subordinate group evaluations, and solution preferences for intergroup conflict scenarios. We argue that this fourfold model can help clarify theory and measurement, allowing a more nuanced assessment of ideological attitudes.
关于族际关系的研究聚焦于两种意识形态，探讨是最好淡化社会类别差异（色盲模式）还是强调并颂扬差异（多元文化模式）。我们认为这两种模式都可能表现为对外群体的负面评价：同化主义要求从属群体采用主导群体的规范以尽量减少群体差异；隔离主义则认为群体应占据不同的领域。在性别间关系中也能找到类似的模式。针对种族（研究1和2）和性别（研究3和4），我们开发了用于衡量这四种意识形态的量表。结果表明，这些意识形态能够得到可靠的测量，假设的四因素模型优于因素较少的替代模型，并且这些意识形态与对群体差异的重视程度、对从属群体的评价以及群体间冲突情景的解决方案偏好之间的关系正如预期的那样。我们认为这种四重模型有助于澄清理论和测量方法，从而能够对意识形态态度进行更细致入微的评估。
