Yonghao Guo, Jin Xu, Jun Li, Pumei Dong, Ying Ye, Xiuhong Feng, Yanyang Zhang, Wanshen Guo
Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 105, Nongye East Rd, East Area, Zhengzhou, 450016, China.
Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 105, Nongye East Rd, East Area, Zhengzhou, 450016, China.
Int J Infect Dis. 2015 Nov;40:75-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.10.002. Epub 2015 Oct 9.
The hepatitis B vaccine was first introduced into the routine immunization program in Henan Province, China in 1992. In 2012, a survey was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of hepatitis B vaccination for the populations born during the preceding 15 years.
A multistage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to collect samples. The participants were interviewed and relevant information was obtained for the population aged 1 to 14 years using a standardized questionnaire; a 2- or 3-ml serum sample was taken from each participant to measure hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc). Association and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine relationships between these parameters.
A total of 13,207 residents aged 1 to 14 years residing in 60 villages or communities in Henan, China were surveyed and had their blood collected. Serological analysis revealed that the HBsAg and anti-HBc prevalences were 0.8% and 2.6%, respectively. The HBsAg prevalence among children under 5 years of age was 0.5%, showing a decline of 96% compared to the average national HBsAg prevalence in 1992. Children had a higher likelihood of HBsAg positivity if they had an HBsAg-positive family member (odds ratio (OR) 4.26), no history of vaccination (OR 2.06), were born in a smaller township hospital or at home (OR 1.61), were aged 10-14 years (OR 2.07), or were living in a rural area (OR 2.01).
The HBsAg prevalence rate in persons under 15 years of age has dropped significantly in Henan Province after two decades of vaccination. Thus millions of chronic HBV infections have been prevented.
1992年，乙肝疫苗首次被纳入中国河南省的常规免疫规划。2012年，开展了一项调查，以评估乙肝疫苗对前15年出生人群的保护效果。
采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法收集样本。使用标准化问卷对1至14岁人群进行访谈并获取相关信息；从每位参与者采集2或3毫升血清样本，以检测乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）和乙肝核心抗体（抗-HBc）。进行关联分析和逻辑回归分析以确定这些参数之间的关系。
对居住在中国河南省60个村庄或社区的13207名1至14岁居民进行了调查并采集了血液样本。血清学分析显示，HBsAg和抗-HBc的流行率分别为0.8%和2.6%。5岁以下儿童的HBsAg流行率为0.5%，与1992年全国平均HBsAg流行率相比下降了96%。如果儿童有HBsAg阳性家庭成员（优势比（OR）4.26）、无疫苗接种史（OR 2.06）、在较小的乡镇医院或家中出生（OR 1.61）、年龄在10 - 14岁（OR 2.07）或生活在农村地区（OR 2.01），则其HBsAg阳性的可能性更高。
经过二十年的疫苗接种，河南省15岁以下人群的HBsAg流行率显著下降。因此，数百万慢性乙肝病毒感染得以预防。
