Schwarz Nicolette F, Krafft Cynthia E, Chi Lingxi, Weinberger Abby L, Schaeffer David J, Pierce Jordan E, Rodrigue Amanda L, Williams Celestine F, DiBattisto Caroline H, Maria Bernard L, Davis Catherine L, McDowell Jennifer E
Psychology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Neuroscience Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Psychiatry Res. 2015 Nov 30;234(2):272-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.10.003. Epub 2015 Oct 3.
While antisaccade paradigms invoke circuitry associated with cognitive control and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there is a dearth of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigations using antisaccade tasks among children with ADHD. Neural correlates associated with antisaccade performance were examined with fMRI in 11 children with ADHD (10 medicated) matched to 11 typically developing children. Significantly greater brain activation in regions in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus was observed in children with ADHD relative to the control group. This pattern separated the children into their respective groups in a taxonomic manner. Sensitivity analyses probing comorbidity and medication-specific effects showed that results were consistent; however, the caudate nucleus difference was only detectable in the full sample, or in subsets with a more relaxed cluster threshold. Antisaccade performance did not significantly differ between the groups, perhaps as a result of greater brain activation or medication effects in the ADHD group. Thus, antisaccade paradigms may have sensitivity and specificity for the investigation of cognitive control deficits and associated neural correlates in ADHD, and may contribute towards the development of new treatment approaches for children with the disorder.
虽然反扫视范式涉及与认知控制及注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）相关的神经回路，但在患有ADHD的儿童中，使用反扫视任务进行功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究的却很少。我们对11名患有ADHD的儿童（其中10名正在服药）和11名发育正常的儿童进行了fMRI检查，以研究与反扫视表现相关的神经关联。与对照组相比，ADHD儿童右侧背外侧前额叶皮质和尾状核区域的大脑激活明显更强。这种模式以分类的方式将儿童分为各自的组。探究共病和药物特异性效应的敏感性分析表明结果是一致的；然而，尾状核差异仅在全样本或聚类阈值较宽松的子集中可检测到。两组之间的反扫视表现没有显著差异，这可能是由于ADHD组大脑激活更强或药物作用的结果。因此，反扫视范式可能对研究ADHD中的认知控制缺陷及相关神经关联具有敏感性和特异性，并可能有助于为患有该疾病的儿童开发新的治疗方法。
