Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
Adv Mater. 2015 Dec 2;27(45):7261-84. doi: 10.1002/adma.201502422. Epub 2015 Oct 13.
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are ultrathin nanomaterials with a high degree of anisotropy and chemical functionality. Research on 2D nanomaterials is still in its infancy, with the majority of research focusing on elucidating unique material characteristics and few reports focusing on biomedical applications of 2D nanomaterials. Nevertheless, recent rapid advances in 2D nanomaterials have raised important and exciting questions about their interactions with biological moieties. 2D nanoparticles such as carbon-based 2D materials, silicate clays, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and transition metal oxides (TMOs) provide enhanced physical, chemical, and biological functionality owing to their uniform shapes, high surface-to-volume ratios, and surface charge. Here, we focus on state-of-the-art biomedical applications of 2D nanomaterials as well as recent developments that are shaping this emerging field. Specifically, we describe the unique characteristics that make 2D nanoparticles so valuable, as well as the biocompatibility framework that has been investigated so far. Finally, to both capture the growing trend of 2D nanomaterials for biomedical applications and to identify promising new research directions, we provide a critical evaluation of potential applications of recently developed 2D nanomaterials.
二维（2D）纳米材料是具有高度各向异性和化学功能性的超薄纳米材料。对 2D 纳米材料的研究仍处于起步阶段，大多数研究都集中在阐明其独特的材料特性上，而很少有研究关注 2D 纳米材料在生物医学中的应用。然而，最近 2D 纳米材料的快速发展提出了一些关于它们与生物分子相互作用的重要而令人兴奋的问题。二维纳米粒子，如碳基二维材料、硅酸盐粘土、过渡金属二卤化物（TMDs）和过渡金属氧化物（TMOs），由于其均匀的形状、高的比表面积和表面电荷，提供了增强的物理、化学和生物功能。在这里，我们重点介绍了 2D 纳米材料在生物医学中的最新应用以及正在塑造这一新兴领域的最新进展。具体来说，我们描述了使 2D 纳米粒子如此有价值的独特特性，以及迄今为止所研究的生物相容性框架。最后，为了既能捕捉到 2D 纳米材料在生物医学应用中的增长趋势，又能确定有前途的新研究方向，我们对最近开发的 2D 纳米材料的潜在应用进行了批判性评估。
