Lie Kai Kristoffer, Kvalheim Karen, Rasinger Josef Daniel, Harboe Torstein, Nordgreen Andreas, Moren Mari
National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, PO Box 2029 Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway.
Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2016 Jan;191:80-88. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.10.011. Epub 2015 Oct 13.
The main object of this study was to evaluate the impact of different levels of vitamin A (VA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) in relation to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on mineralization and gene expression in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua). First-feeding larvae were fed enriched rotifers from start-feeding until 29 days post hatch (dph). Larvae in four tanks were fed one of the following diets: control (EPA/ARA ratio: 15.8, 0.9μg VA g(-1)), control+VA (EPA/ARA ratio: 15.8, 7.8μg VA g(-1)), High ARA (EPA/ARA ratio: 0.9, 1.5μg VA g(-1)) or High ARA+VA (EPA/ARA ratio: 0.9, 12.0μg VA g(-1)). Larvae fed High ARA+VA were shorter at 29dph compared to the other groups and had significantly less mineralized bones when comparing larvae of similar size, showing interaction effects between VA and ARA. Although transcriptomic analysis did not reveal any interaction effects, a higher number of genes were differentially expressed in the high ARA fed larvae compared to control+VA fed larvae. Furthermore, bglap1, bglap2 and col10a1 were all down-regulated in larvae fed High ARA-diets and to a greater extent than larvae fed VA supplemented diet, indicating an additive effect on mineralization. In conclusion, this study showed that the dietary increase in ARA and VA altered the skeletal metabolism during larval development, most likely through signaling pathways specific for each nutrient rather than an interaction. The present study also demonstrates that VA could affect the larval response to ARA, even within the accepted non-toxic/non-deficient range.
本研究的主要目的是评估不同水平的维生素A（VA）和花生四烯酸（ARA）与二十碳五烯酸（EPA）相关联时，对大西洋鳕鱼幼体（Gadus morhua）矿化作用和基因表达的影响。初孵幼体从开始投喂直至孵化后29天（dph），均投喂强化轮虫。四个养殖槽中的幼体分别投喂以下四种饲料之一：对照饲料（EPA/ARA比例：15.8，0.9μg VA g⁻¹）、对照+VA饲料（EPA/ARA比例：15.8，7.8μg VA g⁻¹）、高ARA饲料（EPA/ARA比例：0.9，1.5μg VA g⁻¹）或高ARA+VA饲料（EPA/ARA比例：0.9，12.0μg VA g⁻¹）。与其他组相比，投喂高ARA+VA饲料的幼体在29 dph时体长较短，且在比较相似大小的幼体时，其矿化骨骼明显较少，这表明VA和ARA之间存在交互作用。尽管转录组分析未揭示任何交互作用，但与投喂对照+VA饲料的幼体相比，投喂高ARA饲料的幼体中有更多基因差异表达。此外，bglap1、bglap2和col10a1在投喂高ARA饲料的幼体中均下调，且下调程度大于投喂补充VA饲料的幼体，表明对矿化有累加效应。总之，本研究表明，饲料中ARA和VA的增加改变了幼体发育过程中的骨骼代谢，最有可能是通过每种营养素特有的信号通路，而非交互作用。本研究还表明，即使在公认的无毒/非缺乏范围内，VA也可能影响幼体对ARA的反应。
