Samat Nur Amalina, Yusoff Fatimah Md, Rasdi Nadiah W, Karim Murni
Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics, Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Dec 21;10(12):2457. doi: 10.3390/ani10122457.
At the present time, no artificial larval diet is capable of entirely fulfilling the dietary requirements of several larval fish and crustacean species. Zooplankton live food is the basic foundation of fish larviculture, and successful rearing of fish larvae still heavily depends on an adequate supply of nutritious live food. Despite being important, the production protocols of copepods and cladocerans () are still underdeveloped in hatcheries. Rotifers and are the most commonly used live foods. However, these live foods are evidently lacking in crucial nutrient constituents. Hence, through nutrient enrichment, live food with the nutritional profile that meets the requirements of fish larvae can be produced. With the aim to maximize the effectiveness of production to optimize profitability, it is important to evaluate and improve culture techniques for the delivery of micro- and macro-nutrients as feed supplements to larvae in aquaculture systems. Bioencapsulation and enrichment are the evolving techniques in aquaculture that are commonly employed to enhance the nutritional quality of live food by integrating nutrients into them, which subsequently improves the growth, survival, and disease resistance of the consuming hosts. This review aims to highlight some of the approaches and methods used to improve the nutritional quality of live food by modifying their nutrient composition, which could have immense promise in the enhancement of aquatic animal health.
目前，没有任何人工幼虫饲料能够完全满足几种幼鱼和甲壳类动物的饮食需求。浮游动物活体饲料是鱼类育苗的基础，幼鱼的成功培育仍然严重依赖于充足的营养丰富的活体饲料供应。尽管桡足类和枝角类（）很重要，但孵化场中它们的生产方案仍不完善。轮虫和卤虫是最常用的活体饲料。然而，这些活体饲料明显缺乏关键营养成分。因此，通过营养强化，可以生产出营养成分符合幼鱼需求的活体饲料。为了最大限度地提高生产效率以优化盈利能力，评估和改进水产养殖系统中作为饲料补充剂向幼体输送微量和常量营养素的养殖技术非常重要。生物包囊和强化是水产养殖中不断发展的技术，通常用于通过将营养物质整合到活体饲料中来提高其营养质量，从而提高摄食宿主的生长、存活和抗病能力。本综述旨在强调一些通过改变活体饲料的营养成分来提高其营养质量的方法，这在增强水生动物健康方面可能具有巨大潜力。
