Fay-Ramirez Suzanna, Antrobus Emma, Piquero Alex R
The University of Queensland, Australia.
The University of Queensland, Australia.
Soc Sci Res. 2015 Nov;54:21-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.06.017. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
The collective efficacy literature suggests that neighborhoods with higher collective efficacy have fewer problems of disorder, increased volunteerism, and higher levels of life satisfaction and wellbeing, along with the increased potential for resilience in the face of a disaster. Although perceptions of collective efficacy typically remain stable over time, rapid or sudden social change, such as experiencing a natural disaster, has the potential to disrupt the neighborhood and the individuals within - including their perceptions of the regulatory mechanisms of collective efficacy. Still, the effect of a major disaster on perceptions of collective efficacy remains relatively unexamined. Longitudinal survey data collected before and after the Queensland flood and cyclone disasters permit a unique investigation of the impact of the disaster on perceptions of social control and social cohesion before and after the disaster. Results show that after this major natural disaster, respondents who were proximately affected reported decreased levels of collective efficacy. Also, persons who experienced the biggest decrease in perceived collective efficacy were those that had lower levels of collective efficacy prior to the disaster. We discuss the mechanisms surrounding disaster preparedness, response, and recovery that may contribute to changing perceptions of collective efficacy.
集体效能文献表明，集体效能较高的社区无序问题较少、志愿服务增加、生活满意度和幸福感较高，同时面对灾难时恢复力增强的潜力也更大。尽管集体效能感通常会随着时间推移保持稳定，但快速或突然的社会变革，如遭遇自然灾害，有可能扰乱社区及其中的个人，包括他们对集体效能调节机制的认知。不过，重大灾难对集体效能感认知的影响仍相对缺乏研究。昆士兰洪水和飓风灾害前后收集的纵向调查数据，使得对灾难前后社会控制和社会凝聚力认知的影响进行独特研究成为可能。结果显示，在这场重大自然灾害之后，受直接影响的受访者报告称集体效能水平下降。此外，集体效能感下降幅度最大的人是那些在灾难发生前集体效能水平较低的人。我们讨论了围绕灾难准备、应对和恢复的机制，这些机制可能导致集体效能感认知的变化。
