Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yunusemre Campus, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, TR26470, Turkey.
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kotekli Campus, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, TR 48000, Turkey.
Phytother Res. 2016 Jan;30(1):9-15. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5493. Epub 2015 Oct 14.
Vulpinic and gyrophoric acids are known as ultraviolet filters for natural lichen populations because of their chemical structures. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no reference to their cosmetic potential for skin protection against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage and, consequently, we propose to highlight their photoprotective profiles in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Therefore, vulpinic acid and gyrophoric acid were isolated from acetone extracts of Letharia vulpina and Xanthoparmelia pokornyi, respectively. Their photoprotective activities on irradiated HaCaT cells and destructive effects on non-irradiated HaCaT cells were compared through in vitro experimentation: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays, 4',6-diamino-2-phenylindole and tetramethylrhodamine B isothiocyanate-phalloidin staining protocols. Both of the lichen substances effectively prevented cytotoxic, apoptotic and cytoskeleton alterative activities of 2.5 J/cm(2) UVB in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, vulpinic and gyrophoric acids showed no toxic, apoptotic or cytoskeleton alterative effects on non-irradiated HaCaT cells, except at high doses (≥400 μM) of gyrophoric acid. The findings suggest that vulpinic and gyrophoric acids can be promising cosmetic ingredients to photo-protect human skin cells and should therefore be further investigated by in vitro and in vivo multiple bioassays.
由于其化学结构,熊果酸和石耳酸被认为是天然地衣种群的紫外线滤光剂。然而,据我们所知,尚未有关于其在化妆品方面的潜在应用的报道,即保护皮肤免受紫外线 B (UVB)诱导的损伤,因此,我们建议突出其对人类角质细胞(HaCaT)的光保护特性。因此,从地衣 Letharia vulpina 和 Xanthoparmelia pokornyi 的丙酮提取物中分离出了熊果酸和石耳酸。通过体外实验比较了它们对辐照 HaCaT 细胞的光保护活性和对未辐照 HaCaT 细胞的破坏作用:3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐和乳酸脱氢酶测定法、4',6-二氨基-2-苯基吲哚和四甲基罗丹明 B 异硫氰酸酯-鬼笔环肽染色方案。两种地衣物质都能有效防止 2.5 J/cm2 UVB 的细胞毒性、凋亡和细胞骨架改变活性,且呈剂量依赖性。此外,熊果酸和石耳酸对未辐照的 HaCaT 细胞没有毒性、凋亡或细胞骨架改变作用,除了高剂量(≥400 μM)的石耳酸。这些发现表明,熊果酸和石耳酸可以成为有前途的化妆品成分,用于保护人体皮肤细胞,因此应通过体外和体内多种生物测定进一步研究。