Jong Mats, Westman Anton, Saveman Britt-Inger
Department of Nursing, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden ; Mid Sweden Research & Development Centre, Västernorrland County Council, 851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
J Sports Med (Hindawi Publ Corp). 2014;2014:102645. doi: 10.1155/2014/102645. Epub 2014 Jan 16.
The objective was to illuminate the experience of injuries and the process of injury reporting within the Swedish skydiving culture. Data contained narrative interviews that were subsequently analyzed with content analysis. Seventeen respondents (22-44 years) were recruited at three skydiving drop zones in Sweden. In the results injury events related to the full phase of a skydive were described. Risk of injury is individually viewed as an integrated element of the recreational activity counterbalanced by its recreational value. The human factor of inadequate judgment such as miscalculation and distraction dominates the descriptions as causes of injuries. Organization and leadership act as facilitators or constrainers for reporting incidents and injuries. On the basis of this study it is interpreted that safety work and incident reporting in Swedish skydiving may be influenced more by local drop zone culture than the national association regulations. Formal and informal hierarchical structures among skydivers seem to decide how skydiving is practiced, rules are enforced, and injuries are reported. We suggest that initial training and continuing education need to be changed from the current top-down to a bottom-up perspective, where the individual skydiver learns to see the positive implications of safety work and injury reporting.
目的是阐明瑞典跳伞文化中的受伤经历及伤害报告过程。数据包含叙事访谈内容，随后采用内容分析法进行分析。在瑞典的三个跳伞降落区招募了17名受访者（年龄在22至44岁之间）。结果中描述了与跳伞全过程相关的伤害事件。伤害风险被个体视为娱乐活动的一个综合要素，其娱乐价值起到了平衡作用。诸如误判和分心等判断不足的人为因素在伤害原因描述中占主导地位。组织和领导对事件及伤害报告起到促进或限制作用。基于本研究可以推断，瑞典跳伞运动中的安全工作和事件报告可能更多地受到当地降落区文化的影响，而非全国性协会规定的影响。跳伞者之间的正式和非正式等级结构似乎决定了跳伞运动的开展方式、规则的执行情况以及伤害的报告方式。我们建议，初始培训和继续教育需要从当前的自上而下视角转变为自下而上视角，让个体跳伞者学会认识到安全工作和伤害报告的积极意义。
