Goldberg Julia, Trewick Steven A
Phoenix Lab, Ecology Group, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Insects. 2011 Aug 3;2(3):369-99. doi: 10.3390/insects2030369.
A prediction in phylogeographic studies is that patterns of lineage diversity and timing will be similar within the same landscape under the assumption that these lineages have responded to past environmental changes in comparable ways. Eight invertebrate taxa from four different orders were included in this study of mainland New Zealand and Chatham Islands lineages to explore outcomes of island colonization. These comprised two orthopteran genera, one an endemic forest-dwelling genus of cave weta (Rhaphidophoridae, Talitropsis) and the other a grasshopper (Acrididae, Phaulacridum) that inhabits open grassland; four genera of Coleoptera including carabid beetles (Mecodema), stag beetles (Geodorcus), weevils (Hadramphus) and clickbeetles (Amychus); the widespread earwig genus Anisolabis (Dermaptera) that is common on beaches in New Zealand and the Chatham Islands, and an endemic and widespread cockroach genus Celatoblatta (Blattodea). Mitochondrial DNA data were used to reconstruct phylogeographic hypotheses to compare among these taxa. Strikingly, despite a maximum age of the Chathams of ~4 million years there is no concordance among these taxa, in the extent of genetic divergence and partitioning between Chatham and Mainland populations. Some Chatham lineages are represented by insular endemics and others by haplotypes shared with mainland populations. These diverse patterns suggest that combinations of intrinsic (taxon ecology) and extrinsic (extinction and dispersal) factors can result in apparently very different biogeographic outcomes.
系统发育地理学研究中的一个预测是，在假设这些谱系以可比方式对过去环境变化做出反应的情况下，同一景观内的谱系多样性和时间模式将是相似的。本研究纳入了来自新西兰大陆和查塔姆群岛谱系的四个不同目下的八个无脊椎动物类群，以探索岛屿殖民化的结果。其中包括两个直翅目属，一个是穴居湿木螽斯（驼螽科，塔氏驼螽属）的特有森林栖息属，另一个是栖息在开阔草地的蚱蜢（蝗科，新西兰棱蝗属）；四个鞘翅目属，包括步甲（墨步甲属）、锹甲（巨扁锹甲属）、象鼻虫（长喙天牛属）和叩头虫（隐叩甲属）；在新西兰和查塔姆群岛海滩常见的广布蠼螋属（革翅目），以及一个特有且广布的蟑螂属（蜚蠊目）。线粒体DNA数据被用于重建系统发育地理假说，以便在这些类群之间进行比较。引人注目的是，尽管查塔姆群岛的最大年龄约为400万年，但在这些类群中，查塔姆群岛与大陆种群之间的遗传分化程度和划分情况并不一致。一些查塔姆群岛谱系由岛屿特有种代表，而另一些则由与大陆种群共享的单倍型代表。这些不同的模式表明，内在因素（分类群生态学）和外在因素（灭绝和扩散）的组合可能导致明显非常不同的生物地理结果。
