Ali Z, Hansen A V, Ulrik C S
a Department of Pulmonary Medicine , Hvidovre Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark.
b University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.
J Obstet Gynaecol. 2016 May;36(4):455-61. doi: 10.3109/01443615.2015.1065800. Epub 2015 Oct 14.
Asthma is common among pregnant women, and the incidence of asthma exacerbations during pregnancy is high. This literature review provides an overview of the impact of exacerbations of asthma during pregnancy on pregnancy-related complications. The majority of published retrospective studies reveal that asthma exacerbations during pregnancy increase the risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, placental abruption and placenta praevia. Furthermore, these women also have higher risk for breech presentation, haemorrhage, pulmonary embolism, caesarean delivery, maternal admission to the intensive care unit and longer postpartum hospital stay. Asthma has been associated with increased risk of intrauterine growth retardation, small-for-gestational age, low birth weight, infant hypoglycaemia and preterm birth, but more recent prospective studies have not revealed significant associations with regard to these outcomes. In conclusion, asthma exacerbations during pregnancy are associated with complications of pregnancy, labour and delivery. Prevention of exacerbations is essential to reduce the risk of complications and poor outcome.
哮喘在孕妇中很常见，孕期哮喘发作的发生率很高。这篇文献综述概述了孕期哮喘发作对妊娠相关并发症的影响。大多数已发表的回顾性研究表明，孕期哮喘发作会增加子痫前期、妊娠期糖尿病、胎盘早剥和前置胎盘的风险。此外，这些女性出现臀位、出血、肺栓塞、剖宫产、产妇入住重症监护病房以及产后住院时间延长的风险也更高。哮喘与宫内生长受限、小于胎龄儿、低出生体重、婴儿低血糖和早产风险增加有关，但最近的前瞻性研究并未发现这些结果之间存在显著关联。总之，孕期哮喘发作与妊娠、分娩及产褥期并发症有关。预防发作对于降低并发症风险和不良结局至关重要。
