Armstrong J Scott, Rooney William L, Peterson Gary C, Villenueva Raul T, Brewer Michael J, Sekula-Ortiz Danielle
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wheat, Peanut and Other Field Crops Research Unit, 1301 North Western Rd., Stillwater, OK 74075. Corresponding author, email:
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
J Econ Entomol. 2015 Apr;108(2):576-82. doi: 10.1093/jee/tou065. Epub 2015 Jan 30.
The graminous host range and sources of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] plant resistance, including cross-resistance from greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were studied for the newly emerging sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), in greenhouse no-choice experiments and field evaluations. The sugarcane aphid could not survive on field corn, Zea mays (L.), Teff grass, Eragrostis tef (Zucc.), proso millet, Panicum miliaceum L., barley, Hordeum vulgare L., and rye, Secale cereale L. Only sorghum genotypes served as hosts including Johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.), a highly suitable noncrop host that generates high numbers of sugarcane aphid and maintains moderate phenotypic injury. The greenbug-resistant parental line RTx2783 that is resistant to greenbug biotypes C and E was resistant to sugarcane aphid in both greenhouse and field tests, while PI 55607 greenbug resistant to biotypes B, C, and E was highly susceptible. PI 55610 that is greenbug resistant to biotypes B, C, and E maintained moderate resistance to the sugarcane aphid, while greenbug-resistant PI 264453 was highly susceptible to sugarcane aphid. Two lines and two hybrids from the Texas A&M breeding program B11070, B11070, AB11055-WF1-CS1/RTx436, and AB11055-WF1-CS1/RTx437 were highly resistant to sugarcane aphid, as were parental types SC110, SC170, and South African lines Ent62/SADC, (Macia/TAM428)-LL9, (SV1*Sima/IS23250)-LG15. Tam428, a parental line that previously showed moderate resistance in South Africa and India, also showed moderate resistance in these evaluations. Overall, 9 of 20 parental sorghum entries tested for phenotypic damage in the field resulted in good resistance to the sugarcane aphid and should be utilized in breeding programs that develop agronomically acceptable sorghums for the southern regions of the United States.
在温室无选择试验和田间评估中，研究了高粱[Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.]植物对新出现的甘蔗蚜Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner)的禾本科寄主范围和抗性来源，包括来自麦二叉蚜Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)的交叉抗性。甘蔗蚜无法在田间玉米Zea mays (L.)、龙爪稷Eragrostis tef (Zucc.)、黍Panicum miliaceum L.、大麦Hordeum vulgare L.和黑麦Secale cereale L.上存活。只有高粱基因型可作为寄主，包括约翰逊草Sorghum halepense (L.)，这是一种非常适宜的非作物寄主，能产生大量甘蔗蚜并造成中度表型损伤。对麦二叉蚜生物型C和E具有抗性的抗麦二叉蚜亲本系RTx2783在温室和田间试验中均对甘蔗蚜具有抗性，而对生物型B、C和E具有抗性的PI 55607对甘蔗蚜高度敏感。对生物型B、C和E具有抗麦二叉蚜能力的PI 55610对甘蔗蚜保持中度抗性，而抗麦二叉蚜的PI 264453对甘蔗蚜高度敏感。来自德克萨斯农工大学育种项目的两个品系和两个杂交种B11070、B11070、AB11055-WF1-CS1/RTx436和AB11055-WF1-CS1/RTx437对甘蔗蚜高度抗性，亲本类型SC110、SC170以及南非品系Ent62/SADC、(Macia/TAM428)-LL9、(SV1*Sima/IS23250)-LG15也是如此。亲本系Tam428此前在南非和印度表现出中度抗性，在这些评估中也表现出中度抗性。总体而言，在田间对20个高粱亲本材料进行表型损伤测试，其中9个对甘蔗蚜具有良好抗性，应在为美国南部地区培育农艺性状优良高粱的育种项目中加以利用。
