Steininger M S, Hulcr J, Šigut M, Lucky A
Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida-IFAS, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611-0410.
Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida-IFAS, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611-0410. School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida-IFAS, 317 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620.
J Econ Entomol. 2015 Jun;108(3):1115-23. doi: 10.1093/jee/tov014. Epub 2015 Mar 18.
Bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae & Platypodinae) are among the most damaging forest pests worldwide, and monitoring is essential to damage prevention. Unfortunately, traps and attractants that are currently used are costly, and agencies rely on limited field personnel for deployment. The situation can be greatly aided by 1) the development of cost-effective trapping techniques, and 2) distribution of the effort through the Citizen Science approach. The goal of this study was to test a simple, effective trap that can be made and deployed by anyone interested in collecting bark and ambrosia beetles. Three trap types made from 2-liter soda bottles and, separately, four attractants were compared. Simple, one-window traps performed comparably at capturing species in traps painted or with multiple windows. A comparison of attractants in two-window traps found that 95% ethanol attracted the highest number of species but that Purell hand sanitizer (70% ethanol) and then Germ-X hand sanitizer (63% ethanol) were also effective. A perforated zip-top plastic bag containing Purell hanging over a trap filled with automobile antifreeze attracted the fewest species and individual specimens. Overall, >4,500 bark and ambrosia beetles, including 30 species were captured, representing a third of the regional species diversity. More than three quarters of the specimens were nonnative, representing nearly half of the known regional exotic species. These results suggest that simple one-window soda bottle traps baited with ethanol-based hand sanitizer will be effective and inexpensive tools for large-scale monitoring of bark and ambrosia beetles.
树皮甲虫和食菌小蠹（鞘翅目：象甲科：小蠹亚科和长小蠹亚科）是全球最具破坏性的森林害虫之一，监测对于预防损害至关重要。不幸的是，目前使用的诱捕器和引诱剂成本高昂，且各机构依赖有限的野外工作人员进行部署。1）开发具有成本效益的诱捕技术，以及2）通过公民科学方法分散工作，这两种方式可以极大地改善这种情况。本研究的目的是测试一种简单、有效的诱捕器，任何对收集树皮甲虫和食菌小蠹感兴趣的人都可以制作和部署。比较了三种由2升汽水瓶制成的诱捕器类型，以及分别的四种引诱剂。简单的单窗诱捕器在捕获涂漆或有多个窗口的诱捕器中的物种方面表现相当。对双窗诱捕器中引诱剂的比较发现，95%乙醇吸引的物种数量最多，但滴露洗手液（70%乙醇）和然后是杰米克斯洗手液（63%乙醇）也有效。一个装有滴露的穿孔拉链式塑料袋挂在一个装满汽车防冻液的诱捕器上方，吸引的物种和个体标本最少。总体而言，捕获了超过4500只树皮甲虫和食菌小蠹，包括30个物种，占区域物种多样性的三分之一。超过四分之三的标本是外来物种，占已知区域外来物种的近一半。这些结果表明，用含乙醇洗手液诱饵的简单单窗汽水瓶诱捕器将是大规模监测树皮甲虫和食菌小蠹的有效且廉价的工具。
