Ruiz-Arce Raul, Owen Christopher L, Thomas Donald B, Barr Norman B, McPheron Bruce A
USDA APHIS Science and Technology, Mission Laboratory, Moore Air Base, 22675 N. Moorefield Rd., Edinburg, TX 78541. Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16801.
Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16801. George Washington University, Computational Biology Institute, Innovation Hall, 45085 University Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147-2766.
J Econ Entomol. 2015 Jun;108(3):1324-36. doi: 10.1093/jee/tov082. Epub 2015 May 5.
Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), the Mexican fruit fly, is a major pest of citrus and mango. It has a wide distribution in Mexico and Central America, with infestations occurring in Texas, California, and Florida with origins believed to have been centered in northeastern Mexico. This research evaluates the utility of a sequence-based approach for two mitochondrial (COI and ND6) gene regions. We use these markers to examine genetic diversity, estimate population structure, and identify diagnostic information for A. ludens populations. We analyzed 543 individuals from 67 geographic collections and found one predominant haplotype occurring in the majority of specimens. We observed 68 haplotypes in all and see differences among haplotypes belonging to northern and southern collections. Mexico haplotypes differ by few bases possibly as a result of a recent bottleneck event. In contrast to the hypothesis suggesting northeastern Mexico as the origin of this species, we see that specimens from two southern collections show high genetic variability delineating three mitochondrial groups. These data suggest that Central America is the origin for A. ludens. We show that COI and ND6 are useful for phylogeographic studies of A. ludens.
墨西哥实蝇（Anastrepha ludens (Loew)，双翅目：实蝇科）是柑橘和芒果的主要害虫。它在墨西哥和中美洲广泛分布，在得克萨斯州、加利福尼亚州和佛罗里达州也有虫害发生，据信其起源集中在墨西哥东北部。本研究评估了基于序列的方法对两个线粒体基因区域（COI和ND6）的实用性。我们使用这些标记来检查遗传多样性、估计种群结构，并识别墨西哥实蝇种群的诊断信息。我们分析了来自67个地理样本的543个个体，发现大多数标本中存在一种主要单倍型。我们总共观察到68种单倍型，并且发现属于北部和南部样本的单倍型之间存在差异。墨西哥的单倍型仅有少数碱基不同，这可能是近期瓶颈事件的结果。与认为墨西哥东北部是该物种起源地的假设相反，我们发现来自两个南部样本的标本显示出高遗传变异性，划分出三个线粒体群体。这些数据表明中美洲是墨西哥实蝇的起源地。我们表明COI和ND6对墨西哥实蝇的系统地理学研究很有用。
