Andersen Louise K, Davis Mark D P
Department of Dermato-Venereology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Division of Clinical Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Int J Dermatol. 2015 Dec;54(12):1343-51. doi: 10.1111/ijd.12941. Epub 2015 Oct 15.
The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a complex climate phenomenon occurring in the Pacific Ocean at intervals of 2-7 years. The term refers to fluctuations in ocean temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean (El Niño [the warm phase of ENSO] and La Niña [the cool phase of ENSO]) and in atmospheric pressure across the Pacific basin (Southern Oscillation). This weather pattern is attributed with causing climate change in certain parts of the world and is associated with disease outbreaks. The question of how ENSO affects skin and skin-related disease is relatively unanswered. We aimed to review the literature describing the effects of this complex weather pattern on skin. El Niño has been associated with increases in the occurrence of actinic keratosis, tinea, pityriasis versicolor, miliaria, folliculitis, rosacea, dermatitis by Paederus irritans and Paederus sabaeus, and certain vector-borne and waterborne diseases, such as dengue fever, leishmaniasis, Chagas' disease, Barmah Forest virus, and leptospirosis, and with decreases in the occurrence of dermatitis, scabies, psoriasis, and papular urticaria. La Niña has been associated with increases in the occurrence of varicella, hand, foot, and mouth disease, and Ross River virus (in certain areas), and decreases in viral warts and leishmaniasis. Reports on the effects of ENSO on skin and skin-related disease are limited, and more studies could be helpful in the future.
厄尔尼诺 - 南方涛动（ENSO）是一种复杂的气候现象，每隔2至7年在太平洋出现一次。该术语指热带东太平洋的海洋温度波动（厄尔尼诺[ENSO的暖期]和拉尼娜[ENSO的冷期]）以及太平洋盆地的大气压力波动（南方涛动）。这种天气模式被认为会导致世界某些地区的气候变化，并与疾病爆发有关。ENSO如何影响皮肤及与皮肤相关疾病的问题相对而言尚无定论。我们旨在回顾描述这种复杂天气模式对皮肤影响的文献。厄尔尼诺与光化性角化病、癣、花斑糠疹、痱子、毛囊炎、玫瑰痤疮、由红斑隐翅虫和黑足隐翅虫引起的皮炎以及某些媒介传播和水传播疾病（如登革热、利什曼病、恰加斯病、巴马森林病毒和钩端螺旋体病）的发病率增加有关，而与皮炎、疥疮、银屑病和丘疹性荨麻疹的发病率降低有关。拉尼娜与水痘、手足口病和罗斯河病毒（在某些地区）的发病率增加有关，而与疣和利什曼病的发病率降低有关。关于ENSO对皮肤及与皮肤相关疾病影响的报告有限，未来更多的研究可能会有所帮助。
