Gheisar Mohsen Mohammadi, Im Yong Woon, Lee Hae Hyoung, Choi Yang Il, Kim In Ho
Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, 330-714, South Korea.
Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, 330-714, South Korea.
Poult Sci. 2015 Dec;94(12):2952-8. doi: 10.3382/ps/pev301. Epub 2015 Oct 15.
A total of 160 1-day-old ducklings (average initial body weight of 53 g), were used in a 42-d feeding trial to evaluate the effects of reducing nutrient density of diets, and supplementing the diets with a phytogenic blend (quillaja, anise, and thyme) on their growth, carcass quality, and nutrient digestibility. After checking body weight on d 1, the birds were sorted into pens with 5 birds/pen and 8 pens/treatment. The treatments were: T1, Basal diet; T2, T1+150 ppm phytogenic blend; T3, T1-(1% CP, 0.04% Lys, 0.05% Met+Cys, 0.02% Ca, and 0.02% P, and 50 kcal ME); T4, T3+150 ppm phytogenic blend. The results indicated that reducing nutrient density of the diets had an adverse effect (P<0.05) on body weight gain (BWG) on d 1 to 21, d 21 to 42, and the overall experimental period. Supplementing the diets with the phytogenic blend improved (P<0.05) BWG and feed conversion ratio (FCR) on d 21 to 42 and the overall experimental period. Feed intake was not affected by treatments. Low nutrient density diets increased (P<0.05) the cooking loss percentage of breast meat. Supplementing the diets with the phytogenic blend decreased (P<0.05) the lightness of breast meat. The percentage of drip loss was influenced (P<0.05) by nutrient density and the phytogenic blend on d 1 and d 7. The relative weights of breast meat, abdominal fat, gizzard, liver, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius, pH, and TBARS values were not affected by the treatments. The digestibility of dry matter, energy, nitrogen, ADF, and NDF was decreased (P<0.05) by reducing nutrients density of the diets, but addition of the phytogenic blend alleviated (P<0.05) the negative effects of lowering the nutrient density. The results indicated that the ducks fed high nutrient density diets supplemented with the phytogenic blend showed higher BWG and nutrient digestibility and lower FCR, cooking loss, drip loss, and TBARS value, without any negative effect on meat quality and relative organs weights.
总共160只1日龄雏鸭（平均初始体重53克）用于为期42天的饲养试验，以评估降低日粮营养密度以及向日粮中添加植物源混合物（皂树皮、茴芹和百里香）对雏鸭生长性能、胴体品质和养分消化率的影响。在第1天称测体重后，将雏鸭按每栏5只、每个处理8栏进行分栏饲养。处理组分别为：T1，基础日粮；T2，T1 + 150 ppm植物源混合物；T3，T1 - （1%粗蛋白、0.04%赖氨酸、0.05%蛋氨酸+胱氨酸、0.02%钙和0.02%磷，以及50千卡代谢能）；T4，T3 + 150 ppm植物源混合物。结果表明，降低日粮营养密度对第1至21天、第21至42天以及整个试验期的体重增加（BWG）有不利影响（P<0.05）。在日粮中添加植物源混合物可改善（P<0.05）第21至42天以及整个试验期的BWG和饲料转化率（FCR）。采食量不受处理的影响。低营养密度日粮会提高（P<0.05）胸肉的蒸煮损失率。在日粮中添加植物源混合物可降低（P<0.05）胸肉的亮度。在第1天和第7天，滴水损失率受营养密度和植物源混合物的影响（P<0.05）。胸肉、腹脂、肌胃、肝脏、脾脏和法氏囊的相对重量、pH值以及硫代巴比妥酸反应物（TBARS）值不受处理的影响。降低日粮营养密度会降低（P<0.05）干物质、能量、氮、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）和中性洗涤纤维（NDF）的消化率，但添加植物源混合物可缓解（P<0.05）降低营养密度带来的负面影响。结果表明，饲喂添加植物源混合物的高营养密度日粮的雏鸭表现出更高的BWG和养分消化率，以及更低的FCR、蒸煮损失、滴水损失和TBARS值，且对肉质和相对器官重量没有任何负面影响。
