Saardi Karl M, Schwartz Robert A
Dermatology, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
Pediatrics, Medicine, Pathology, and Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
Int J Dermatol. 2016 Jan;55(1):17-20. doi: 10.1111/ijd.12963. Epub 2015 Oct 16.
Uremic frost is a striking cutaneous finding seen in patients with severe kidney disease. Familiarity with this condition can be a life-saving signal to initiate urgent dialysis. Uremic frost generally occurs at blood urea nitrogen levels of approximately 200 mg/dl, although it may arise with less severe uremia. Recently confirmed urea transporters in the skin may play a role in the development of uremic frost. Alternatively, damage to the cutaneous microvasculature and pilosebaceous units, as seen in chronic kidney disease, could account for the high levels of urea deposited outside the skin. The treatment of uremic frost is largely aimed at correcting the underlying cause of uremia and the other life-threatening conditions associated with renal failure.
尿毒症霜是重症肾病患者身上一种显著的皮肤表现。熟悉这种情况可能是启动紧急透析的救命信号。尿毒症霜通常在血尿素氮水平约为200mg/dl时出现，不过在不太严重的尿毒症时也可能出现。最近在皮肤中证实的尿素转运蛋白可能在尿毒症霜的形成中起作用。另外，如在慢性肾病中所见，皮肤微血管和毛囊皮脂腺单位的损伤可能是皮肤外尿素沉积水平高的原因。尿毒症霜的治疗主要旨在纠正尿毒症的根本原因以及与肾衰竭相关的其他危及生命的状况。
