Gallien Laure, Saladin Bianca, Boucher Florian C, Richardson David M, Zimmermann Niklaus E
Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland.
New Phytol. 2016 Feb;209(3):1096-105. doi: 10.1111/nph.13700. Epub 2015 Oct 19.
Why are some introduced species more successful at establishing and spreading than others? Until now, characteristics of extant species have been intensively investigated to answer this question. We propose to gain new insights on species invasiveness by exploring the long-term biogeographic and evolutionary history of lineages. We exemplify our approach using one of the best-studied invasive plant genera, Pinus. We notably estimated the historical biogeography of pines and the rates of trait evolution in pines. These estimates were analysed with regard to species invasiveness status. The results revealed that currently invasive species belong to lineages that were particularly successful at colonizing new regions in the past. We also showed that highly mobile lineages had faster rates of niche evolution, but that these rates are poor proxies for species adaptive potential in invaded regions (estimated by niche shift among native and invaded regions). In summary, working at the interface of ecology, historical biogeography and evolutionary history offers stimulating perspectives to improve our understanding of the drivers of invasion success.
为什么一些外来物种在定殖和扩散方面比其他物种更成功？到目前为止，人们已经深入研究了现存物种的特征来回答这个问题。我们建议通过探索谱系的长期生物地理和进化历史来获得关于物种入侵性的新见解。我们以研究得最充分的入侵植物属之一松属为例来说明我们的方法。我们特别估计了松树的历史生物地理学和松树性状进化的速率。这些估计值根据物种的入侵状态进行了分析。结果表明，目前的入侵物种属于过去在开拓新区域方面特别成功的谱系。我们还表明，高流动性的谱系具有更快的生态位进化速率，但这些速率并不能很好地代表入侵区域中物种的适应潜力（通过本地和入侵区域之间的生态位转移来估计）。总之，在生态学、历史生物地理学和进化历史的交叉领域开展研究，为增进我们对入侵成功驱动因素的理解提供了令人振奋的视角。
