Marroquín Brett, Nolen-Hoeksema Susan
Department of Psychology.
Department of Psychology, Yale University.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2015 Nov;109(5):836-55. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000034.
Depression is associated with social dysfunction and maladaptive social environments, but mechanisms through which social relationships affect depressive psychopathology are unclear. We hypothesized that emotion regulation (ER) is such a mechanism, with outcomes of individuals' ER efforts sensitive to the social context, and individuals' ER strategy repertoire and use sensitive to social influence. In Study 1, a longitudinal study of community adults (N = 1,319), associations of individuals' ER strategies with depressive symptoms depended on social connectedness and romantic relationship status (social context hypothesis). Moreover, associations of social connectedness and relationship status with symptoms were accounted for by maladaptive ER concurrently and, for social connectedness, prospectively over 1 year (social influence hypothesis). Study 2a, using a national sample (N = 772), replicated and extended these findings with a broader array of ER strategies, and ruled out alternative explanations regarding social skills and psychological wellbeing. Among participants in romantic relationships (Study 2b; N = 558), intimacy and trust buffered associations of maladaptive ER strategies with symptoms (context), and maladaptive and adaptive ER mediated links between relationship variables and symptoms (influence). Findings suggest that close relationships-and variation in underlying relational processes within relationships-influence the ER strategies people use, and also affect whether individuals' own ER repertoires contribute to depression when deployed. Results elucidate core social mechanisms of ER in terms of both basic processes and depressive psychopathology, suggest ER is a channel through which social factors affect internal functioning and mental health, and inform relationship pathways for clinical intervention.
抑郁症与社会功能障碍和适应不良的社会环境相关，但社会关系影响抑郁心理病理学的机制尚不清楚。我们假设情绪调节（ER）就是这样一种机制，个体情绪调节努力的结果对社会背景敏感，个体的情绪调节策略库及使用情况对社会影响敏感。在研究1中，一项针对社区成年人（N = 1319）的纵向研究发现，个体的情绪调节策略与抑郁症状之间的关联取决于社会联结和恋爱关系状态（社会背景假设）。此外，社会联结和关系状态与症状之间的关联同时由适应不良的情绪调节所解释，对于社会联结而言，在1年的时间里还存在前瞻性的关联（社会影响假设）。研究2a使用全国样本（N = 772），通过更广泛的情绪调节策略重复并扩展了这些发现，并排除了关于社交技能和心理健康的其他解释。在恋爱关系中的参与者中（研究2b；N = 558），亲密感和信任缓冲了适应不良的情绪调节策略与症状之间的关联（背景），适应不良和适应性的情绪调节介导了关系变量与症状之间的联系（影响）。研究结果表明，亲密关系以及关系中潜在关系过程的变化会影响人们使用的情绪调节策略，并且还会影响个体自身的情绪调节策略在应用时是否会导致抑郁。研究结果从基本过程和抑郁心理病理学两个方面阐明了情绪调节的核心社会机制，表明情绪调节是社会因素影响内部功能和心理健康的一个渠道，并为临床干预提供了关系途径方面的信息。
