Comparison of ultraviolet irradiation-induced mutagenesis of the lacI gene in Escherichia coli and in human 293 cells.

We report the sequence changes in the Escherichia coli lacI gene in 133 mutants detected after passage of an ultraviolet-irradiated shuttle vector human 293 cells. The results are compared with our previous studies of the lacI gene after ultraviolet light treatment in E. coli. In human cells, base substitutions predominate, and frameshifts are found much less frequently than in bacteria. The most frequent base change is the G.C to A.T transition. Overall, 110 to 112 transitions were G.C to A.T. Some of the hotspots seen in lacI in bacteria are prominent also in human 293 cells, suggesting that the same lesions are targeting mutations in both systems. Transitions are found almost exclusively at sequences at which pyrimidine-pyrimidine photoproducts can form. The data are consistent with the notion that a significant fraction of ultraviolet irradiation-induced mutagenesis in mammalian systems occurs by adding an A across from a photolesion. Double mutations are significantly more frequent in human cells than in bacteria. Reasons for this difference are discussed.