Canyon Deon V, Burkle Frederick M, Speare Rick
1Department of Public Health Sciences,Health Policy and Management, andGlobal Health Protection and Security,University of Hawaii at Mānoa,Honolulu,Hawaii.
2Harvard Humanitarian Initiative,Harvard University,Cambridge,Massachusetts, and Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars,Washington,DC.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2015 Dec;9(6):619-24. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2015.124. Epub 2015 Oct 20.
Earth's climate is changing and national and international decision-makers are recognizing that global health security requires urgent attention and a significant investment to protect the future. In most locations, current data are inadequate to conduct a full assessment of the direct and indirect health impacts of climate change. All states require this information to evaluate community-level resilience to climate extremes and climate change. A model that is being used successfully in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand is recommended to generate rapid information to assist decision-makers in the event of a disaster. The model overcomes barriers to success inherent in the traditional ''top-down'' approach to managing crises and recognizes the capacity of capable citizens and community organizers to facilitate response and recovery if provided the opportunity and resources. Local information is a prerequisite for strategic and tactical statewide planning. Time and resources are required to analyze risks within each community and what is required to prevent (mitigate), prepare, respond, recover (rehabilitate), anticipate, and assess any threatening events. Specific requirements at all levels from state to community must emphasize community roles by focusing on how best to maintain, respond, and recover public health protections and the infrastructure necessary for health security.
地球气候正在变化,国家和国际决策者也逐渐意识到,全球卫生安全需要紧急关注并投入大量资金以保障未来。在大多数地区,目前的数据不足以全面评估气候变化对健康的直接和间接影响。所有国家都需要这些信息来评估社区应对极端气候和气候变化的恢复能力。建议采用一种在英国、澳大利亚和新西兰成功应用的模式,以便在灾难发生时快速生成信息,协助决策者做出决策。该模式克服了传统“自上而下”危机管理方法中固有的成功障碍,并且认识到,如果有机会和资源,有能力的公民和社区组织者能够推动应对和恢复工作。地方信息是全州战略和战术规划的先决条件。需要时间和资源来分析每个社区的风险以及预防(减轻)、准备、应对、恢复(复原)、预测和评估任何威胁事件所需的措施。从州到社区各级的具体要求必须通过关注如何最好地维护、应对和恢复公共卫生保护以及卫生安全所需的基础设施,来强调社区的作用。