National Center for Environmental Health Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2011 Jun;5(2):140-8. doi: 10.1001/dmp.2011.30. Epub 2011 Mar 14.
Global warming could increase the number and severity of extreme weather events. These events are often known to result in public health disasters, but we can lessen the effects of these disasters. By addressing the factors that cause changes in climate, we can mitigate the effects of climate change. By addressing the factors that make society vulnerable to the effects of climate, we can adapt to climate change. To adapt to climate change, a comprehensive approach to disaster risk reduction has been proposed. By reducing human vulnerability to disasters, we can lessen--and at times even prevent--their impact. Human vulnerability is a complex phenomenon that comprises social, economic, health, and cultural factors. Because public health is uniquely placed at the community level, it has the opportunity to lessen human vulnerability to climate-related disasters. At the national and international level, a supportive policy environment can enable local adaptation to disaster events. The purpose of this article is to introduce the basic concept of disaster risk reduction so that it can be applied to preventing and mitigating the negative effects of climate change and to examine the role of community-focused public health as a means for lessening human vulnerability and, as a result, the overall risk of climate-related disasters.
全球变暖可能会增加极端天气事件的数量和严重程度。这些事件通常被认为会导致公共卫生灾难，但我们可以减轻这些灾难的影响。通过解决导致气候变化的因素，我们可以减轻气候变化的影响。通过解决使社会易受气候影响的因素，我们可以适应气候变化。为了适应气候变化，已经提出了一种综合的减少灾害风险方法。通过减少人类对灾害的脆弱性，我们可以减轻——有时甚至可以预防——其影响。人类脆弱性是一个复杂的现象，包括社会、经济、健康和文化因素。由于公共卫生在社区层面处于独特的地位，它有机会减轻人类对与气候相关的灾害的脆弱性。在国家和国际层面，一个支持性的政策环境可以使地方能够适应灾害事件。本文的目的是介绍减少灾害风险的基本概念，以便将其应用于预防和减轻气候变化的负面影响，并探讨以社区为重点的公共卫生在减轻人类脆弱性方面的作用，从而降低与气候相关的灾害的整体风险。
