University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via Moruzzi, 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 6762 St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
Anal Chim Acta. 2015 Oct 8;896:177-89. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.09.023. Epub 2015 Sep 21.
Modern oil paints, introduced at the beginning of the 20th century, differ from those classically used in antiquity in their chemical and compositional features. The main ingredients were still traditional drying oils, often used in mixtures with less expensive oils and added with several classes of additives. Consequently, detailed lipid profiling, together with the study of lipid degradation processes, is essential for the knowledge and the conservation of paint materials used in modern and contemporary art. A multi-analytical approach based on mass spectrometry was used for the study of original paint materials from Munch's atelier, owned by the Munch Museum in Oslo. The results obtained in the analysis of paint tubes were compared with those obtained by characterizing a paint sample collected from one of the artist's sketches for the decoration of the Festival Hall of the University of Oslo (1909-1916). Py-GC/MS was used as screening method to evaluate the presence of lipid, proteic or polysaccaridic materials. GC/MS after hydrolysis and derivatization allowed us to determine the fatty acid profile of the paint tubes, and to evaluate the molecular changes associated to curing and ageing. The determination of the fatty acid profile is not conclusive for the characterization of complex mixtures of lipid materials, thus the characterization of the triglyceride profiles was performed using an analytical procedure based on HPLC-ESI-Q-ToF. This paper describes the first application of HPLC-ESI-Q-ToF for the acquisition of the triglyceride profile in a modern paint sample, showing the potentialities of liquid chromatography in the field of lipid characterization in modern paint materials. Moreover, our results highlighted that the application of this approach can contribute to address dating, authenticity and conservation issues relative to modern and contemporary artworks.
现代油画颜料于 20 世纪初问世，其化学和组成特征与古代经典油画颜料不同。主要成分仍然是传统的干性油，通常与较便宜的油混合使用，并添加几类添加剂。因此，详细的脂质分析，以及脂质降解过程的研究，对于了解和保护现代和当代艺术中使用的绘画材料至关重要。本研究采用了基于质谱的多分析方法，对奥斯陆蒙克博物馆收藏的蒙克工作室中的原始绘画材料进行了研究。对颜料管进行分析所获得的结果与从艺术家为奥斯陆大学节日大厅装饰（1909-1916 年）所作的一幅草图上采集的颜料样本的特征分析结果进行了比较。Py-GC/MS 被用作筛选方法，以评估是否存在脂质、蛋白质或多糖材料。水解和衍生化后的 GC/MS 允许我们确定颜料管的脂肪酸组成，并评估与固化和老化相关的分子变化。脂肪酸组成的测定对于复杂的脂质材料混合物的特征描述并不具有结论性，因此采用基于 HPLC-ESI-Q-ToF 的分析程序对甘油三酯图谱进行了特征描述。本文描述了 HPLC-ESI-Q-ToF 在现代绘画样品中甘油三酯图谱获取方面的首次应用，展示了液相色谱在现代绘画材料脂质特征描述方面的潜力。此外，我们的研究结果表明，这种方法的应用有助于解决与现代和当代艺术作品相关的年代鉴定、真实性和保护问题。
