Hands B, Parker H E, Rose E, Larkin D
Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.
School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.
Child Care Health Dev. 2016 Mar;42(2):246-52. doi: 10.1111/cch.12298. Epub 2015 Oct 20.
Perceptions of the effects of physical activity could facilitate or deter future participation. This study explored the differences between gender and motor competence at 14 years of age in the perceptions of likelihood and importance of physical activity outcomes.
The sample comprised 1582 14-year-old adolescents (769 girls) from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Four motor competence groups were formed from a standardized Neuromuscular Developmental Index score (McCarron 1997). Perceptions of the likelihood and the importance of 15 physical activity outcomes were measured by a questionnaire developed for the NSW Schools Fitness and Physical Activity Survey (Booth et al. 1997). Gender (two) × motor competence (four) analyses of variance and Tukey post hoc were conducted on outcome scores (P < 0.02) using SPSS version 17.
Gender differences were found in the perceived likelihood and importance of physical activity outcomes within competition, social friendships and injury domains. Motor competence was significant in the perceived likelihood of physical health (P < 0.001), psychosocial (P < 0.009) and competition (P < 0.002) outcomes, with lower perceptions by the least competent groups. Significantly lower importance was perceived for academic outcomes for 14 year olds categorized with low compared with high motor competence (P < 0.005). Regardless of motor competence and gender, the same health and fun outcomes were ranked the highest in likelihood and the highest in importance.
Although level of motor competence at 14 years affected the perceived likelihood of health, social and fun outcomes from future participation in physical activity, adolescents highly valued these outcomes, whereas gender affected competition and winning, outcomes that were less valued. Physical activity that promotes these key and valued outcomes may encourage young people's ongoing involvement in physical activity, especially for those at risk of low participation.
对体育活动效果的认知可能会促进或阻碍未来的参与。本研究探讨了14岁青少年在体育活动结果的可能性和重要性认知方面的性别差异及运动能力差异。
样本包括来自西澳大利亚妊娠队列（Raine）研究的1582名14岁青少年（769名女孩）。根据标准化的神经肌肉发育指数评分（麦卡伦，1997年）形成四个运动能力组。通过为新南威尔士州学校健康与体育活动调查开发的问卷（布斯等人，1997年）测量对15项体育活动结果的可能性和重要性的认知。使用SPSS 17版对结果得分进行性别（两组）×运动能力（四组）方差分析和Tukey事后检验（P<0.02）。
在竞争、社交友谊和受伤领域内，体育活动结果的感知可能性和重要性存在性别差异。运动能力在身体健康（P<0.001）、心理社会（P<0.009）和竞争（P<0.002）结果的感知可能性方面具有显著性，能力最差的组认知较低。与高运动能力的14岁青少年相比，低运动能力的14岁青少年对学业结果的重要性感知显著更低（P<0.005）。无论运动能力和性别如何，相同的健康和乐趣结果在可能性方面排名最高，在重要性方面也排名最高。
虽然14岁时的运动能力水平影响了未来参与体育活动对健康、社交和乐趣结果的感知可能性，但青少年高度重视这些结果，而性别影响竞争和获胜等不太受重视的结果。促进这些关键且受重视结果的体育活动可能会鼓励年轻人持续参与体育活动，尤其是对于那些参与度低风险的人。
