Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Australia.
School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Australia.
Hum Mov Sci. 2020 Dec;74:102710. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2020.102710. Epub 2020 Nov 6.
Adolescence is a particularly important time for the development of self-perceptions and identity as many environmental and personal factors are influential. One relatively unexplored factor is level of motor competence.
To examine the relationship between identity health and self-perceptions in male and female adolescents with low motor competence (LMC) compared to typically developing (TD) adolescents.
Adolescents (N = 160, 64.4% males, M = 14.45 yrs., SD = 0.75) completed the Adolescent Motor Competence Questionnaire (AMCQ), Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence (AIDA), and Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents (SPPA). Based on the AMCQ score, the sample was grouped into LMC and TD. Pearson's product moment correlations between the AIDA and SPPA subscales were derived for gender, competence groups, and gender x competence sub-groups.
Overall, males had lower AIDA scores (healthier identity) than the females and significant associations with all self-perception domains. For females, only scholastic and social competence, physical appearance, behavioural conduct, close friendship and Global Self-worth (GSW) domains were significantly related to their AIDA score. The adolescents in the LMC group had higher AIDA scores (less-healthier identity) and fewer self-perception domains [scholastic competence, physical appearance, behavioural conduct, close friendships and GSW] were associated to their AIDA scores. For the TD group, all self-perception domains were significantly correlated with their AIDA scores. When grouped by gender and motor competence, the TD males had the healthiest identity scores which were strongly associated with all self-perception subdomains. For males with LMC, only scholastic competence, behavioural conduct and GSW domains were significantly related with their identity score. Females from both competence groups reported significant associations between physical appearance, close friendships, behavioural conduct, and social competence domains with their identity scores. Scholastic competence was also significantly associated with identity only for females with LMC.
Positive self-perceptions across a range of domains are associated with a healthier identity, but differ according to level of motor competence and gender. For those with LMC, the self-perception subdomains unrelated to physical activity and sport, such as school-based aspects were associated with a healthier identity. These findings should guide school based interventions to provide support in these domains in order to strengthen self-worth and identity health.
青春期是自我认知和身份认同发展的重要时期，许多环境和个人因素都有影响。一个相对未被探索的因素是运动能力水平。
研究与运动能力正常的青少年（TD）相比，运动能力较低（LMC）的男、女青少年的身份健康与自我认知之间的关系。
160 名青少年（64.4%为男性，M=14.45 岁，SD=0.75）完成了青少年运动能力问卷（AMCQ）、青少年身份发展评估（AIDA）和哈特尔青少年自我知觉量表（SPPA）。根据 AMCQ 得分，将样本分为 LMC 和 TD 组。对性别、能力组和性别 x 能力亚组的 AIDA 和 SPPA 分量表进行皮尔逊积差相关分析。
总体而言，男性的 AIDA 得分（更健康的身份）低于女性，且与所有自我认知领域均显著相关。对于女性，只有学业和社会能力、身体外貌、行为表现、亲密友谊和总体自我价值（GSW）领域与 AIDA 得分显著相关。LMC 组的青少年 AIDA 得分较高（身份较不健康），与 AIDA 得分相关的自我认知领域较少[学业能力、身体外貌、行为表现、亲密友谊和 GSW]。对于 TD 组，所有自我认知领域均与 AIDA 得分显著相关。按性别和运动能力分组时，TD 组的男性具有最健康的身份得分，且与所有自我认知子领域高度相关。对于 LMC 男性，只有学业能力、行为表现和 GSW 领域与身份得分显著相关。来自两个能力组的女性报告说，身体外貌、亲密友谊、行为表现和社会能力领域与身份得分之间存在显著关联。学业能力也仅与 LMC 女性的身份得分显著相关。
一系列领域的积极自我认知与更健康的身份相关，但因运动能力水平和性别而异。对于那些运动能力较低的人来说，与身体活动和运动无关的自我认知子领域，如以学校为基础的方面，与更健康的身份相关。这些发现应该指导以学校为基础的干预措施，在这些领域提供支持，以增强自我价值感和身份健康。
