Wayment Heidi A, Collier Ann F, Birkett Melissa, Traustadóttir Tinna, Till Robert E
Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA.
Front Psychol. 2015 Sep 30;6:1481. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01481. eCollection 2015.
Excessive self-concern increases perceptions of threat and defensiveness. In contrast, fostering a more inclusive and expanded sense of self can reduce stress and improve well-being. We developed and tested a novel brief intervention designed to strengthen a student's compassionate self-identity, an identity that values balance and growth by reminding them of four quiet ego characteristics: detached awareness, inclusive identity, perspective taking, and growth. Students (N = 32) in their first semester of college who reported greater self-protective (e.g., defensive) goals in the first 2 weeks of the semester were invited to participate in the study. Volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: quiet ego contemplation (QEC), QEC with virtual reality (VR) headset (QEC-VR), and control. Participants came to the lab three times to engage in a 15-min exercise in a 30-days period. The 15-min QEC briefly described each quiet ego characteristic followed by a few minutes time to reflect on what that characteristic meant to them. Those in the QEC condition reported improved quiet ego characteristics and pluralistic thinking, decreases in a urinary marker of oxidative stress, and reduced mind-wandering on a cognitive task. Contrary to expectation, participants who wore the VR headsets while listening to the QEC demonstrated the least improvement. Results suggest that a brief intervention that reduces self-focus and strengthens a more compassionate self-view may offer an additional resource that individuals can use in their everyday lives.
过度的自我关注会增加对威胁和防御心理的感知。相反,培养一种更具包容性和扩展性的自我意识可以减轻压力并改善幸福感。我们开发并测试了一种新颖的简短干预措施,旨在强化学生富有同情心的自我认同,这种认同通过提醒他们四种平静自我的特质来重视平衡和成长:超脱的意识、包容性认同、换位思考和成长。邀请了在大学第一学期且在学期前两周报告有更强自我保护(如防御性)目标的学生(N = 32)参与该研究。志愿者被随机分配到三个条件组之一:平静自我沉思(QEC)、使用虚拟现实(VR)头戴设备的QEC(QEC-VR)和对照组。参与者在30天内到实验室三次,每次进行15分钟的练习。15分钟的QEC简要描述了每种平静自我的特质,然后留出几分钟时间让他们思考该特质对自己意味着什么。处于QEC条件组的参与者报告称,他们的平静自我特质和多元思维得到改善,氧化应激的尿液标志物水平降低,并且在认知任务中的走神现象减少。与预期相反,在听QEC时佩戴VR头戴设备的参与者改善最少。结果表明,一种减少自我关注并强化更具同情心的自我认知的简短干预措施,可能为个人在日常生活中提供一种额外的资源。