卡路里标签对年轻人主餐选择中宏量营养素和微量营养素的影响。
Effects of calorie labelling on macro- and micro-nutrients in main-meal choices made by young adults.
作者信息
Nikolaou C K, Hankey C R, Lean M E J
机构信息
Human Nutrition Section, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Singapore.
Population Health and eHealth Unit, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanayang University and Imperial College, Singapore.
出版信息
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016 Mar;70(3):386-92. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.175. Epub 2015 Oct 21.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There is limited evidence that prominent calorie labelling on out-of-home meals helps consumers reduce calorie intakes and avoid weight gain, but no evidence on its effects on macro- and micro-nutrients. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of prominent calorie labelling on energy, macro- and micro-nutrients.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Young adults in a catered residential setting were observed when choosing main meals over three study periods in fixed order in this observational study. Period 1: with calorie labels (20 weeks); period 2: without calorie labels (10 weeks); period 3: with calorie labels plus information on estimated energy requirements (10 weeks). Nutrient contents of meal choices were analysed from food composition tables.
RESULTS
Energy, 4 macronutrients and 19 micronutrients levels were derived from 4200 meals chosen by 120 subjects over 40 weeks. Means (s.d. or Median) for key macro- and micro-nutrients were for period 1: energy=658 (94) kcal, fat=31 (8.6) g, saturated fat=10.5 (2.7) g, B12=2.5 (1.7) μg, folate=119 (46.8) μg, vitamin C=80.0 (42) mg, Ca=278 (129) mg, Na=1230 (119) mg, Fe=22 (10) g, Se=19 (10.1) μg, I=34 (10.1) μg, period 2: energy=723 (87) kcal, fat=35 (7.6) g, saturated fat=12 (2.7) g, B12=3.4 (1.7) μg, Folate=182 (13.3) μg, vitamin C=87.0 (49.7) mg, Ca=379 (149) mg, Na=1352 (114) mg, Fe=41.6 (14) g, Se=26 (10.3) μg, I=38.0 (18.4) μg, period 3: energy=578 (109) kcal, fat=27.3 (9.1) g, saturated fat=8.5 (2.7) g, B12=2.2 (0.5) μg, Folate=90 (50.8) μg, vitamin C=75.0 (34) mg, Ca=277 (119) mg, Na=1205 (99) mg, Fe=14.5 (10.9) g, Se=15.0 (10) μg, I=32.0 (18.4) μg. All macro- and micro-nutrients, except for B1, vitamin C, vitamin E and Ca were significantly different between the three periods (P<0.001), but all mean intakes remained above recommended levels.
CONCLUSIONS
Calorie labelling resulted in reductions in calories, fat and saturated fat contents of the meals chosen, without compromising micronutrient consumptions.
背景/目的：几乎没有证据表明外出就餐时显著的卡路里标签有助于消费者减少卡路里摄入量并避免体重增加，且尚无关于其对宏量营养素和微量营养素影响的证据。本研究的目的是评估显著的卡路里标签对能量、宏量营养素和微量营养素的影响。
对象/方法：在这项观察性研究中，按固定顺序在三个研究阶段观察了餐饮住宿场所中的年轻人选择主餐的情况。第1阶段：有卡路里标签（20周）；第2阶段：无卡路里标签（10周）；第3阶段：有卡路里标签并附带估计能量需求信息（10周）。从食物成分表中分析所选择餐食的营养成分。
结果
120名受试者在40周内选择的4200份餐食得出了能量、4种宏量营养素和19种微量营养素的水平。关键宏量营养素和微量营养素的均值（标准差或中位数）在第1阶段为：能量=658（94）千卡，脂肪=31（8.6）克，饱和脂肪=10.5（2.7）克，维生素B12=2.5（1.7）微克，叶酸=119（46.8）微克，维生素C=80.0（42）毫克，钙=278（129）毫克，钠=1230（119）毫克，铁=22（10）克，硒=19（10.1）微克，碘=34（10.1）微克；第2阶段为：能量=723（87）千卡，脂肪=35（7.6）克，饱和脂肪=12（2.7）克，维生素B12=3.4（1.7）微克，叶酸=182（13.3）微克，维生素C=87.0（49.7）毫克，钙=379（149）毫克，钠=1352（114）毫克，铁=41.6（14）克，硒=26（10.3）微克，碘=38.0（18.4）微克；第3阶段为：能量=578（109）千卡，脂肪=27.3（9.1）克，饱和脂肪=8.5（2.7）克，维生素B12=2.2（0.5）微克，叶酸=90（50.8）微克，维生素C=75.0（34）毫克，钙=277（119）毫克，钠=1205（99）毫克，铁=14.5（10.9）克，硒=15.0（10）微克，碘=32.0（18.4）微克。除维生素B1、维生素C、维生素E和钙外，所有宏量营养素和微量营养素在三个阶段之间均存在显著差异（P<0.001），但所有平均摄入量均保持在推荐水平以上。
结论
卡路里标签使所选择餐食的卡路里、脂肪和饱和脂肪含量降低，同时不影响微量营养素的摄入。
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