Willard M D
Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Texas A & M University College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1989 Mar;19(2):241-63. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(89)50029-9.
Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are common problems that may be artifactual, iatrogenic, or due to altered body homeostatic mechanisms. ECG may help one to recognize hyperkalemia but not hypokalemia. Excessive K supplementation is a common iatrogenic cause of hyperkalemia whereas fluid therapy is a common cause of iatrogenic hypokalemia. The most common causes of spontaneous hyperkalemia are renal failure and hypoadrenocorticism whereas the most common causes of spontaneous hypokalemia are vomiting, diarrhea, and renal wasting. Symptomatic therapy is usually done until the underlying cause(s) is resolved.
低钾血症和高钾血症是常见问题，可能是人为造成的、医源性的，或由于机体稳态机制改变所致。心电图有助于识别高钾血症，但对低钾血症无效。补钾过量是医源性高钾血症的常见原因，而液体疗法是医源性低钾血症的常见原因。自发性高钾血症最常见的原因是肾衰竭和肾上腺皮质功能减退，而自发性低钾血症最常见的原因是呕吐、腹泻和肾性失钾。通常进行对症治疗，直到解决潜在病因。
