van Duijkeren E, Hengeveld P, Zomer T P, Landman F, Bosch T, Haenen A, van de Giessen A
Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016 Jan;71(1):58-62. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkv313. Epub 2015 Oct 21.
The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of MRSA on duck and turkey farms, identify risk factors for human carriage and study transmission between animals and humans.
On 10 duck and 10 turkey farms, samples were taken from animals, poultry houses, home residences and humans and cultured using pre-enrichment and selective enrichment. MRSA isolates were typed by spa typing and multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) typing. A subset of isolates from animals and humans was investigated using whole-genome mapping.
MRSA was found on one duck farm and three turkey farms. On duck farms, all humans were MRSA negative. On turkey farms, 5 of 11 farmers, 2 of 32 family members and 15 of 49 samples from the home residences were MRSA positive. Individuals with daily contact with turkeys were significantly more often MRSA positive than individuals without daily contact. All MRSA isolates belonged to livestock-associated MLVA complex 398, belonged to spa type t011, were negative for Panton-Valentine leucocidin, were mecC negative and were mecA positive. Whole-genome mapping proved a valuable tool to study the transmission of livestock-associated MRSA and showed that on two turkey farms the isolates from the animals and humans were indistinguishable or closely related, indicating transmission.
MRSA carriage in individuals in daily contact with turkeys was significantly higher than that in individuals only living on the farms or than in the general Dutch population. Therefore, persons with a high degree of contact with turkeys have an increased risk of MRSA carriage, and we propose that they should be screened prior to hospitalization in order to decrease the risk of nosocomial transmission.
本研究的目的是估计鸭场和火鸡场耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的流行率，确定人类携带该菌的风险因素，并研究动物与人类之间的传播情况。
在10个鸭场和10个火鸡场，从动物、禽舍、家庭住所和人类采集样本，采用预增菌和选择性增菌培养。通过葡萄球菌蛋白A（spa）分型和多位点可变数目串联重复分析（MLVA）分型对MRSA分离株进行分型。使用全基因组图谱对来自动物和人类的一部分分离株进行研究。
在1个鸭场和3个火鸡场发现了MRSA。在鸭场，所有人类MRSA检测均为阴性。在火鸡场，11名农民中有5名、32名家庭成员中有2名以及家庭住所的49份样本中有15份MRSA检测呈阳性。与火鸡有日常接触的个体MRSA阳性的比例明显高于无日常接触的个体。所有MRSA分离株均属于与家畜相关的MLVA复合体398，属于spa型t011，杀白细胞素阴性，mecC阴性，mecA阳性。全基因组图谱证明是研究与家畜相关的MRSA传播的有价值工具，并且显示在两个火鸡场，动物和人类的分离株无法区分或密切相关，表明存在传播。
与火鸡有日常接触的个体携带MRSA的比例明显高于仅居住在农场的个体或荷兰普通人群。因此，与火鸡接触程度高的人携带MRSA的风险增加，我们建议他们在住院前应进行筛查，以降低医院内传播的风险。
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