Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA.
Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Helix Building STO 0.34, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Nat Mater. 2015 Nov;14(11):1087-98. doi: 10.1038/nmat4433.
Liquid crystals are the basis of a pervasive technology of the modern era. Yet, as the display market becomes commoditized, researchers in industry, government and academia are increasingly examining liquid crystalline materials in a variety of polymeric forms and discovering their fascinating and useful properties. In this Review, we detail the historical development of liquid crystalline polymeric materials, with emphasis on the thermally and photogenerated macroscale mechanical responses--such as bending, twisting and buckling--and on local-feature development (primarily related to topographical control). Within this framework, we elucidate the benefits of liquid crystallinity and contrast them with other stimuli-induced mechanical responses reported for other materials. We end with an outlook of existing challenges and near-term application opportunities.
液晶是现代普及技术的基础。然而，随着显示市场的商品化，工业界、政府和学术界的研究人员越来越多地以各种聚合物形式研究液晶材料，并发现其迷人而有用的性质。在这篇综述中，我们详细描述了液晶聚合物材料的历史发展，重点介绍了热和光引发的宏观机械响应，如弯曲、扭曲和屈曲，以及局部特征的发展（主要与形貌控制有关）。在这个框架内，我们阐明了液晶态的好处，并将其与其他材料报道的其他刺激诱导机械响应进行了对比。最后，我们展望了现有挑战和近期应用机会。
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