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通过在肉鸡日粮中添加甜菜碱和姜黄根茎粉缓解慢性热应激:生长性能、白细胞谱、体液免疫和抗氧化状态的动态变化

Alleviation of chronic heat stress in broilers by dietary supplementation of betaine and turmeric rhizome powder: dynamics of performance, leukocyte profile, humoral immunity, and antioxidant status.

作者信息

Akhavan-Salamat Hossein, Ghasemi Hossein Ali

出版信息

Trop Anim Health Prod. 2016 Jan;48(1):181-8. doi: 10.1007/s11250-015-0941-1.

Abstract

Heat stress (HS), one of the most serious climate problems of tropical and subtropical countries, negatively affects the production performance of broilers. Keeping this in view, the current study was aimed at elucidating the effects of supplementing betaine (Bet) and dried turmeric rhizome powder (TRP), either singly or in combination, on growth performance, leukocyte profile, humoral immunity, and antioxidant status in broilers kept under chronic HS. A total of 625 one-day-old Ross male chicks were randomly assigned to five treatment groups (5 replicates of 25 birds per replicate pen). From day 1, the birds were either kept at the thermoneutral zone (TN) or exposed to HS (33 ± 1°C) to the conclusion of study, day 42. THeat stress (HS), one of the most serious climate problems of tropical and subtropical countries, negatively affects the production performance of broilers. Keeping this in view, the current study was aimed at elucidating the effects of supplementing betaine (Bet) and dried turmeric rhizome powder (TRP), either singly or in combination, on growth performance, leukocyte profile, humoral immunity, and antioxidant status in broilers kept under chronic HS. A total of 625 one-day-old Ross male chicks were randomly assigned to five treatment groups (5 replicates of 25 birds per replicate pen). From day 1, the birds were either kept at the thermoneutral zone (TN) or exposed to HS (33 ± 1°C) to the conclusion of study, day 42. The treatment groups were as follows: thermoneutral control (TN-CON), HS-CON, HS-Bet, HS-TRP, and HS-BT (fed Bet and TRP). The results showed that decreases in body weight gain, feed intake, and increases in feed-to-gain ratio and mortality induced by HS were partially restored by dietary supplementation of Bet and TRP. The heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, total, and IgG antibody titers against sheep red blood cell for secondary responses in the HS-TRP and HS-BT groups were also similar to those of the broilers in the TN-CON group but better (P < 0.05) than for HS-CON group. An increase (P < 0.05) in serum concentration of malondialdehyde induced by HS was significantly decreased by dietary supplementations. The serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were also higher (P < 0.05) in the supplemented groups compared to both TN and HS-CON groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of either Bet or TRP alone or in combination can partially ameliorate some of the detrimental effects of HS in broilers. Results also suggest that TRP might be better than Bet for improving stress tolerance and immune response in heat-stressed broilers.he treatment groups were as follows: thermoneutral control (TN-CON), HS-CON, HS-Bet, HS-TRP, and HS-BT (fed Bet and TRP). The results showed that decreases in body weight gain, feed intake, and increases in feed-to-gain ratio and mortality induced by HS were partially restored by dietary supplementation of Bet and TRP. The heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, total, and IgG antibody titers against sheep red blood cell for secondary responses in the HS-TRP and HS-BT groups were also similar to those of the broilers in the TN-CON group but better (P < 0.05) than for HS-CON group. An increase (P < 0.05) in serum concentration of malondialdehyde induced by HS was significantly decreased by dietary supplementations. The serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were also higher (P < 0.05) in the supplemented groups compared to both TN and HS-CON groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of either Bet or TRP alone or in combination can partially ameliorate some of the detrimental effects of HS in broilers. Results also suggest that TRP might be better than Bet for improving stress tolerance and immune response in heat-stressed broilers.

摘要

热应激(HS)是热带和亚热带国家最严重的气候问题之一,对肉鸡的生产性能产生负面影响。鉴于此,本研究旨在阐明单独或联合添加甜菜碱(Bet)和干姜黄根茎粉(TRP)对长期处于热应激环境下肉鸡的生长性能、白细胞谱、体液免疫和抗氧化状态的影响。总共625只1日龄罗斯雄性雏鸡被随机分配到五个处理组(每个重复栏25只鸡,共5个重复)。从第1天开始,这些鸡要么饲养在热中性区(TN),要么暴露于热应激环境(33±1°C)直至研究结束,即第42天。处理组如下:热中性对照组(TN-CON)、热应激对照组(HS-CON)、热应激+甜菜碱组(HS-Bet)、热应激+干姜黄根茎粉组(HS-TRP)和热应激+甜菜碱+干姜黄根茎粉组(HS-BT)。结果表明,热应激导致的体重增加、采食量下降以及料重比和死亡率增加,通过日粮添加甜菜碱和干姜黄根茎粉得到了部分恢复。HS-TRP组和HS-BT组的嗜异性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率、针对绵羊红细胞的二次反应的总抗体和IgG抗体效价也与TN-CON组的肉鸡相似,但优于(P<0.05)HS-CON组。日粮添加显著降低了热应激诱导的血清丙二醛浓度升高(P<0.05)。与TN组和HS-CON组相比,添加组的血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性也更高(P<0.05)。总之,单独或联合日粮添加甜菜碱或干姜黄根茎粉均可部分缓解热应激对肉鸡的一些有害影响。结果还表明,在提高热应激肉鸡的应激耐受性和免疫反应方面,干姜黄根茎粉可能比甜菜碱更好。处理组如下:热中性对照组(TN-CON)、热应激对照组(HS-CON)、热应激+甜菜碱组(HS-Bet)、热应激+干姜黄根茎粉组(HS-TRP)和热应激+甜菜碱+干姜黄根茎粉组(HS-BT)。结果表明,热应激导致的体重增加、采食量下降以及料重比和死亡率增加,通过日粮添加甜菜碱和干姜黄根茎粉得到了部分恢复。HS-TRP组和HS-BT组的嗜异性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率、针对绵羊红细胞的二次反应的总抗体和IgG抗体效价也与TN-CON组的肉鸡相似,但优于(P<0.05)HS-CON组。日粮添加显著降低了热应激诱导的血清丙二醛浓度升高(P<0.05)。与TN组和HS-CON组相比,添加组的血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性也更高(P<0.05)。总之,单独或联合日粮添加甜菜碱或干姜黄根茎粉均可部分缓解热应激对肉鸡的一些有害影响。结果还表明,在提高热应激肉鸡的应激耐受性和免疫反应方面,干姜黄根茎粉可能比甜菜碱更好。

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