Zimmerman R S, Connor C
Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124.
Health Educ Q. 1989 Spring;16(1):57-75. doi: 10.1177/109019818901600108.
Maintenance of health behavior change over the long-term has been routinely difficult. One of the reasons for this difficulty is that only individuals' attitudes or behavior are changed, without concomitant support from the social environment. The purpose of this study was to explore several of the ways in which significant others--family members, friends, and coworkers--may affect changes in health behavior. Eighty-four participants in a work site health promotion program were the subjects of the study. Self-reports of health behaviors were gathered at baseline and at the end of the 7-week program; in addition, subjects reported the extent to which significant others generally supported health behavior changes, encouraged them to maintain changes they had made, and made changes in their own health behaviors. Results provide support for the general hypothesis that one individual attempting to change health behavior may be positively influenced by significant others during the course of the change process. Family members were particularly helpful, and overall supportiveness was more helpful than others' change in health habits or encouragement. Behaviors most influenced by others were exercise and fat consumption. Suggestions for future theoretical development, research, and intervention are discussed.
长期维持健康行为改变通常很困难。造成这种困难的原因之一是只改变了个人的态度或行为，而没有得到社会环境的相应支持。本研究的目的是探讨重要他人（家庭成员、朋友和同事）可能影响健康行为改变的几种方式。一项工作场所健康促进项目中的84名参与者成为了该研究的对象。在基线和为期7周的项目结束时收集了健康行为的自我报告；此外，研究对象报告了重要他人在多大程度上普遍支持健康行为改变、鼓励他们维持已做出的改变以及自身健康行为的改变情况。结果为一般假设提供了支持，即一个试图改变健康行为的人在改变过程中可能会受到重要他人的积极影响。家庭成员尤其有帮助，总体支持比他人健康习惯的改变或鼓励更有帮助。受他人影响最大的行为是锻炼和脂肪摄入。文中讨论了对未来理论发展、研究和干预的建议。
