细菌如何在表面使用 IV 型菌毛机械装置

How Bacteria Use Type IV Pili Machinery on Surfaces.

机构信息

Department of Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany.

Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Nano Systems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600, USA.

出版信息

Trends Microbiol. 2015 Dec;23(12):775-788. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2015.09.002. Epub 2015 Oct 22.

DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2015.09.002

PMID:26497940

Abstract

The bacterial type IV pilus (T4P) is a versatile molecular machine with a broad range of functions. Recent advances revealed that the molecular components and the biophysical properties of the machine are well conserved among phylogenetically distant bacterial species. However, its functions are diverse, and include adhesion, motility, and horizontal gene transfer. This review focusses on the role of T4P in surface motility and bacterial interactions. Different species have evolved distinct mechanisms for intracellular coordination of multiple pili and of pili with other motility machines, ranging from physical coordination to biochemical clocks. Coordinated behavior between multiple bacteria on a surface is achieved by active manipulation of surfaces and modulation of pilus-pilus interactions. An emerging picture is that the T4P actively senses and responds to environmental conditions.

摘要

细菌的 IV 型菌毛（T4P）是一种多功能的分子机器，具有广泛的功能。最近的研究进展表明，该机器的分子组成和生物物理特性在系统发育上相距甚远的细菌物种中是保守的。然而，其功能是多样化的，包括粘附、运动和水平基因转移。本综述重点介绍了 T4P 在表面运动和细菌相互作用中的作用。不同的物种已经进化出了不同的机制，用于协调多个菌毛和菌毛与其他运动机器之间的细胞内活动，从物理协调到生化时钟不等。通过主动操纵表面和调节菌毛-菌毛相互作用，可以实现多个细菌在表面上的协调行为。一个新兴的观点是，T4P 可以主动感知和响应环境条件。